剖析虚幻渲染体系（09）- 材质体系

9.2 材质基础

本章将分析材质涉及的基础概念和类型，阐述它们之间的基本关系和使用方法。

9.2.1 UMaterial

UMaterial是属于引擎层的概念，对应着我们在材质编辑器编辑的uasset资源文件，可以被应用到网格上，以便控制它在场景中的视觉效果。它继承自UMaterialInterface，它们的定义如下：

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Engine\Classes\Materials\MaterialInterface.h

// 材质的基础接口类, 定义了大量材质相关的数据和接口, 部分接口是空实现或未实现的接口.
class UMaterialInterface : public UObject, public IBlendableInterface, public IInterface_AssetUserData
{
    // 次表面散射轮廓(配置)
    class USubsurfaceProfile* SubsurfaceProfile;
    // 当图元不再被用作父元素时进行跟踪的栅栏.
    FRenderCommandFence ParentRefFence;

protected:
    // Lightmass离线的GI设置.
    struct FLightmassMaterialInterfaceSettings LightmassSettings;
    // 纹理流数据.
    TArray<FMaterialTextureInfo> TextureStreamingData;
    // 存于此材质资源内的用户数据列表.
    TArray<UAssetUserData*> AssetUserData;

private:
    // 强制编译的目标Feature Level.
    uint32 FeatureLevelsToForceCompile;

public:
    //---- IInterface_AssetUserData接口 ----
    virtual void AddAssetUserData(UAssetUserData* InUserData) override;
    virtual void RemoveUserDataOfClass(TSubclassOf<UAssetUserData> InUserDataClass) override;
    virtual UAssetUserData* GetAssetUserDataOfClass(TSubclassOf<UAssetUserData> InUserDataClass) override;
    //---- IInterface_AssetUserData接口 ----

    // 为所有材质编译的Featurelevel位域.
    static uint32 FeatureLevelsForAllMaterials;
    void SetFeatureLevelToCompile(ERHIFeatureLevel::Type FeatureLevel, bool bShouldCompile);
    static void SetGlobalRequiredFeatureLevel(ERHIFeatureLevel::Type FeatureLevel, bool bShouldCompile);

    //---- UObject接口 ----
    virtual void BeginDestroy() override;
    virtual bool IsReadyForFinishDestroy() override;
    virtual void PostLoad() override;
    virtual void PostDuplicate(bool bDuplicateForPIE) override;
    virtual void PostCDOContruct() override;
    //---- UObject接口 ----

    //---- IBlendableInterface接口 ----
    virtual void OverrideBlendableSettings(class FSceneView& View, float Weight) const override;
    //---- IBlendableInterface接口 ----

    // 沿着父链查找这个实例所在的基础材质.
    UMaterial* GetBaseMaterial();
    // 获取正在实例化的材质
    virtual class UMaterial* GetMaterial() PURE_VIRTUAL(UMaterialInterface::GetMaterial,return NULL;);
    virtual const class UMaterial* GetMaterial() const PURE_VIRTUAL(UMaterialInterface::GetMaterial,return NULL;);
    // 获取正在实例化的材质(并发模式)
    virtual const class UMaterial* GetMaterial_Concurrent(TMicRecursionGuard RecursionGuard = TMicRecursionGuard()) const PURE_VIRTUAL(UMaterialInterface::GetMaterial_Concurrent,return NULL;);

    // 测试该材质是否依赖指定的材料.
    virtual bool IsDependent(UMaterialInterface* TestDependency);
    virtual bool IsDependent_Concurrent(UMaterialInterface* TestDependency, TMicRecursionGuard RecursionGuard = TMicRecursionGuard());

    // 获取此材质对应的用于渲染的FMaterialRenderProxy实例.
    virtual class FMaterialRenderProxy* GetRenderProxy() const PURE_VIRTUAL(UMaterialInterface::GetRenderProxy,return NULL;);
    
    (......)

    // 获取用于渲染此材质的纹理列表.
    virtual void GetUsedTextures(TArray<UTexture*>& OutTextures, EMaterialQualityLevel::Type QualityLevel, bool bAllQualityLevels, ERHIFeatureLevel::Type FeatureLevel, bool bAllFeatureLevels) const
        PURE_VIRTUAL(UMaterialInterface::GetUsedTextures,);
    // 获取用于渲染此材质的纹理列表和索引.
    virtual void GetUsedTexturesAndIndices(TArray<UTexture*>& OutTextures, TArray< TArray<int32> >& OutIndices, EMaterialQualityLevel::Type QualityLevel, ERHIFeatureLevel::Type FeatureLevel) const;
    // 覆盖指定的纹理.
    virtual void OverrideTexture(const UTexture* InTextureToOverride, UTexture* OverrideTexture, ERHIFeatureLevel::Type InFeatureLevel) PURE_VIRTUAL(UMaterialInterface::OverrideTexture, return;);

    // 覆盖给定参数的默认值(短暂的)  
    virtual void OverrideVectorParameterDefault(const FHashedMaterialParameterInfo& ParameterInfo, const FLinearColor& Value, bool bOverride, ERHIFeatureLevel::Type FeatureLevel) PURE_VIRTUAL(UMaterialInterface::OverrideTexture, return;);

    // 检测指定的材质标记, 如果存在就返回true.
    virtual bool CheckMaterialUsage(const EMaterialUsage Usage) PURE_VIRTUAL(UMaterialInterface::CheckMaterialUsage,return false;);
    virtual bool CheckMaterialUsage_Concurrent(const EMaterialUsage Usage) const PURE_VIRTUAL(UMaterialInterface::CheckMaterialUsage,return false;);

    // 获取材质的渲染纹理, 需要指定FeatureLevel/QualityLevel.
    virtual FMaterialResource* GetMaterialResource(ERHIFeatureLevel::Type InFeatureLevel, EMaterialQualityLevel::Type QualityLevel = EMaterialQualityLevel::Num);

    // 获取组排序优先级.
    virtual bool GetGroupSortPriority(const FString& InGroupName, int32& OutSortPriority) const
        PURE_VIRTUAL(UMaterialInterface::GetGroupSortPriority, return false;);

    // 获取材质的各种类型的所有数据.
    virtual void GetAllScalarParameterInfo(TArray<FMaterialParameterInfo>& O