条款12：复制对象时勿忘其每一个成分

void logCall(const std::string & funcName);
class Customer {
public:
	Customer(const Customer & rhs);
	Customer& operator= (const Customer& rhs);
private:
	std::string name;
};

Customer::Customer(const Customer & rhs): name(rhs.name) {
	logCall("Customer copy constructor");
}

Customer& Customer::operator=(const Cutomer& rhs) {
	logCall("Customer copy assignment operator");
	name = rhs.name;	// 复制rhs的数据
	name = rhs.name;
	return *this;
}

但是如果添加一个新的成员变量， 如下

class Date{};
class Customer {
public:
	// 同上
private:
	std::string name;
	Date lastTransaction;
};

  这时既有copying函数执行的是局部拷贝(partial copy): 它们的确赋值了顾客的name, 但没有复制新添加的lastTransaction。同理， 如果出现继承， 更有危机。

class PriorityCustomer:public Customer {
public:
	PriorityCustomer(const PriorityCutomer &rhs);
	PriorityCustomer & operator=(const PriorityCutomer &rhs);
private:
	int priority;
}


//  错误
PriorityCustomer::PriorityCustomer(const PriorityCustomer &rhs): priority(rhs.priority) {
	logCall("PriorityCustomer copy constructor");
}

PriorityCustomer & PriorityCutomer::operator=(const PriorityCustomer &rhs) {
	logCall("PriorityCustomer copy assignment operator");
	priority =rhs.priority;
	return *this;
}

// 正确
PriorityCustomer::PriorityCutomer(const PriorityCustomer& rhs): Customer(rhs), priority(rhs.priority) {
	logCall("PriorityCustomer copy constructor");
}

PriorityCustomer & PriorityCustomer::operator=(const PriorityCustomer& rhs) {
	logCall("PriorityCustomer copy assignment operator");
	Customer::operator=(rhs);
	priority = rhs.priority;
	return *this;
}

总结：

• Copying函数应该确保赋值“对象内的所有成员变量”及“所有base class成分”。
• 不要尝试以某个copying函数实现另一个copying函数。 应该将共同机能放进第三个函数中， 并由两个copying函数共同调用。