第L5周:机器学习|决策树模型:2. 决策树模型|回归模型

我的环境:
●语言环境:Python 3.9.19
●编译器:Jupyter Lab
●环境:scikit-learn-1.5.1

代码目标:我们希望通过鸢尾花数据,训练一个决策树模型,之后应用该模型,可以根据花萼长度、花萼宽度、花瓣长度 预测 花瓣宽度。

  1. 导入数据
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

url = "https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/iris/iris.data"  
names = ['花萼-length', '花萼-width', '花瓣-length', '花瓣-width', 'class'] 

dataset = pd.read_csv(url, names=names)
dataset

代码输出:

花萼-length花萼-width花瓣-length花瓣-widthclass
05.13.51.40.2Iris-setosa
14.93.01.40.2Iris-setosa
24.73.21.30.2Iris-setosa
34.63.11.50.2Iris-setosa
45.03.61.40.2Iris-setosa
..................
1456.73.05.22.3Iris-virginica
1466.32.55.01.9Iris-virginica
1476.53.05.22.0Iris-virginica
1486.23.45.42.3Iris-virginica
1495.93.05.11.8Iris-virginica

150 rows × 5 columns

  1. 数据划分
X = dataset.iloc[ : ,[0,1,2]].values
Y = dataset.iloc[ : ,  3].values
  1. 模型训练
from sklearn import tree
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris

clf = tree.DecisionTreeRegressor()         # sk-learn的决策树模型
clf = clf.fit(X, Y)        # 用数据训练树模型构建()
r   = tree.export_text(clf)
  1. 模型预测结果
test_x = X[[0,1,50,51,100,101], :]
test_y = Y[[0,1,50,51,100,101]]
pred_target = clf.predict(test_x)  # 预测y

df = pd.DataFrame()
df["原y"] = test_y
df["预测y"] = pred_target
  1. 打印结果
print("\n===模型======")
print(r)
print("\n===预测结果======")
print(df)

代码输出:

===模型======
|--- feature_2 <= 2.45
|   |--- feature_1 <= 3.25
|   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.60
|   |   |   |--- value: [0.30]
|   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.60
|   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 4.85
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 4.35
|   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.10]
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  4.35
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 1.35
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  1.35
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 4.50
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  4.50
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 4.65
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  4.65
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.05
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.05
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.20]
|   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  4.85
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 1.45
|   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.20]
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  1.45
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.05
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.05
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.10]
|   |--- feature_1 >  3.25
|   |   |--- feature_2 <= 1.55
|   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 4.30
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.95
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.85
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.65
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 5.30
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 1.45
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.55
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 4.80
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  4.80
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- truncated branch of depth 3
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.55
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  1.45
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  5.30
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 5.45
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.40]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  5.45
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.65
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 5.20
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.75
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.40]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.75
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  5.20
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.85
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.40]
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.95
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 5.35
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.10]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  5.35
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.20]
|   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  4.30
|   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.40]
|   |   |--- feature_2 >  1.55
|   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 4.90
|   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.20]
|   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  4.90
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 5.05
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.45
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.40]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.45
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.60]
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  5.05
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.35
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.50]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.35
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.60
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.60
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 1.65
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  1.65
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 5.55
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.40]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  5.55
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [0.30]
|--- feature_2 >  2.45
|   |--- feature_2 <= 4.75
|   |   |--- feature_2 <= 4.15
|   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.65
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 3.95
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 3.75
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 3.15
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.10]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  3.15
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.00]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  3.75
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.45
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.10]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.45
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.10]
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  3.95
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 5.90
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 5.65
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.40
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.40
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  5.65
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  5.90
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.00]
|   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.65
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 5.75
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 5.40
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.40]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  5.40
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.30]
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  5.75
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 4.05
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.75
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.75
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  4.05
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.00]
|   |   |--- feature_2 >  4.15
|   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 4.45
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 5.80
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 4.30
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.95
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.80
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.80
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.95
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  4.30
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.20]
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  5.80
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.95
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.95
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 4.30
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.50]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  4.30
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.40]
|   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  4.45
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 5.15
|   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.70]
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  5.15
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.25
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.95
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 4.65
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 5.85
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  5.85
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 6.55
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.50]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  6.55
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  4.65
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.85
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.85
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.40]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.95
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 4.55
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.50]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  4.55
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.05
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.40]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.05
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.15
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.50]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.15
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.40]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.25
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.60]
|   |--- feature_2 >  4.75
|   |   |--- feature_2 <= 5.05
|   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 6.75
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 5.80
|   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.00]
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  5.80
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.35
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.50]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.35
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 6.25
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.80]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  6.25
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 4.95
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.60
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.50]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.60
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.80]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  4.95
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 6.50
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.90]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  6.50
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.70]
|   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  6.75
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.95
|   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.40]
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.95
|   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.50]
|   |   |--- feature_2 >  5.05
|   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.05
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 6.35
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 5.85
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.75
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.90]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.75
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.40]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  5.85
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.85
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 5.35
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 6.15
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.60]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  6.15
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.50]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  5.35
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.40]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.85
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 6.10
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.80]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  6.10
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.80]
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  6.35
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 7.50
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 7.15
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.75
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 5.55
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.90]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  5.55
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.80]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.75
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 6.60
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 5.55
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 5.35
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.00]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  5.35
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.80]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  5.55
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 5.70
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.15]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  5.70
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  6.60
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 6.75
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  6.75
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.10]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  7.15
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 5.95
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.60]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  5.95
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.85
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.90]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.85
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.80]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  7.50
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 6.80
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 6.35
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  6.35
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 2.90
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.00]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  2.90
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.10]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  6.80
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.30]
|   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.05
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.25
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 7.05
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 6.60
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 <= 3.15
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.80]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.15
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 6.45
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  6.45
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.00]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  6.60
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 5.50
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 5.25
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  5.25
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.10]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  5.50
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 5.65
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.40]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  5.65
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  7.05
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [1.80]
|   |   |   |   |--- feature_1 >  3.25
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 6.25
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 5.85
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 5.65
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 <= 5.50
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  5.50
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.40]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  5.65
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.30]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  5.85
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.50]
|   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_2 >  6.25
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 <= 7.80
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.20]
|   |   |   |   |   |   |--- feature_0 >  7.80
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |--- value: [2.00]


===预测结果======
    原y   预测y
0  0.2  0.25
1  0.2  0.20
2  1.4  1.40
3  1.5  1.50
4  2.5  2.50
5  1.9  1.90
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