vector::shrink_to_fit()

如图示（图片来自侯捷的<<STL源码剖析>>），vector::capacity()代表了vector从begin()开始的连续空间的内存量。 

vector::erase(begin() + n)函数可以删去vector中第n位置的元素。但是删除之后，vector占用的capacity不一定减少。C++11增加了shrink_to_fit函数，可以在执行erase之后让vector的size()等于capacity()。

看下面例子。构造一个vector {1,2,3,4}，然后点击deduct按钮，删去第3个元素。

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#include <vector>


using namespace std;

vector<int> vec;

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
}

void MainWindow::on_pushButton_clicked()
{

    QString qstrInput = ui->lineEdit->text();
    QStringList qstrlst = qstrInput.split(QString(","));
    foreach(QString qstrItem, qstrlst)
    {
        int iVal = qstrItem.toInt();
        vec.push_back(iVal);
    }

    vec.shrink_to_fit();

    ui->lineEdit_3->setText(QString().setNum(vec.size()));
    ui->lineEdit_4->setText(QString().setNum(vec.capacity()));

    ui->label->setText(QString().setNum(*prev(vec.end())));
}

void MainWindow::on_pushButton_2_clicked()
{
    int iOldSize = vec.size();
    int iIndex = ui->lineEdit_2->text().toInt();
    vec.erase(vec.begin() + iIndex);
    //vec.shrink_to_fit();
    int iTail = *prev(vec.end());
    ui->label->setText(QString().setNum(iTail));
    ui->lineEdit_3->setText(QString().setNum(vec.size()));
    ui->lineEdit_4->setText(QString().setNum(vec.capacity()));
}

效果：capacity 仍然等于4

加入shrink_to_fit函数，capacity 变为3

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#include <vector>


using namespace std;

vector<int> vec;

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
}

void MainWindow::on_pushButton_clicked()
{

    QString qstrInput = ui->lineEdit->text();
    QStringList qstrlst = qstrInput.split(QString(","));
    foreach(QString qstrItem, qstrlst)
    {
        int iVal = qstrItem.toInt();
        vec.push_back(iVal);
    }

    vec.shrink_to_fit();

    ui->lineEdit_3->setText(QString().setNum(vec.size()));
    ui->lineEdit_4->setText(QString().setNum(vec.capacity()));

    ui->label->setText(QString().setNum(*prev(vec.end())));
}

void MainWindow::on_pushButton_2_clicked()
{
    int iOldSize = vec.size();
    int iIndex = ui->lineEdit_2->text().toInt();
    vec.erase(vec.begin() + iIndex);
    vec.shrink_to_fit();
    int iTail = *prev(vec.end());
    ui->label->setText(QString().setNum(iTail));
    ui->lineEdit_3->setText(QString().setNum(vec.size()));
    ui->lineEdit_4->setText(QString().setNum(vec.capacity()));
}