0 < a 1 < π , a n + 1 = s i n a n 0 \lt a_1 \lt \pi,a_n+_1=sina_n 0<a1<π,an+1=sinan,求证 lim n → ∞ a n ∃ \lim_{n \to \infty} a_n\space\exists limn→∞an ∃,并求出
证:
∵
0
<
a
1
<
π
0 \lt a_1 \lt \pi
0<a1<π,∴
a
2
∈
(
0
,
1
)
⊂
(
0
,
π
2
)
a_2\in(0,1)\subset(0,\frac{\pi}{2})
a2∈(0,1)⊂(0,2π),∴
a
n
>
0
(
n
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
.
.
.
)
a_n\gt0\quad(n=1,2,3,...)
an>0(n=1,2,3,...)(有下界)
∵
x
>
0
时
,
s
i
n
x
<
x
x\gt0时,sinx\lt x
x>0时,sinx<x,∴
a
n
+
1
=
s
i
n
a
n
<
a
n
a_n+_1=sina_n\lt a_n
an+1=sinan<an即{
a
n
a_n
an}单调递减
∴
lim
n
→
∞
a
n
∃
\lim_{n \to \infty} a_n\space\exists
limn→∞an ∃
令
lim
n
→
∞
a
n
=
A
,
由
a
n
+
1
=
s
i
n
a
n
\lim_{n \to \infty}a_n=A,由a_n+_1=sina_n
limn→∞an=A,由an+1=sinan
⟹
A
=
s
i
n
A
⟹
A
=
0
\implies A=sinA \qquad \implies A=0
⟹A=sinA⟹A=0
a 1 > 0 , a n + 1 = l n ( 1 + a n ) a_1>0, a_n+_1=ln(1+a_n) a1>0,an+1=ln(1+an),求证:① lim x → ∞ a n \lim_{x\to \infty}a_n limx→∞an存在,并求之;② lim x → ∞ a n + 1 − a n a n + 1 ∗ a n \lim_{x\to \infty}\frac{a_n+_1 - a_n}{a_n+_1*a_n} limx→∞an+1∗anan+1−an
证:
①∵
a
1
>
0
a_1>0
a1>0,设
a
n
>
0
a_n>0
an>0,则有
a
k
+
1
=
l
n
(
1
+
a
k
)
>
0
a_k+_1=ln(1+a_k)>0
ak+1=ln(1+ak)>0
∴
对
于
∀
n
,
存
在
a
n
>
0
对于\forall n,存在a_n>0
对于∀n,存在an>0
∵
x
>
0
时
,
l
n
(
1
+
x
)
<
x
x>0时,ln(1+x)<x
x>0时,ln(1+x)<x,∴
a
n
+
1
=
l
n
(
1
+
a
n
)
<
a
n
a_n+_1=ln(1+a_n)<a_n
an+1=ln(1+an)<an,∴{
a
n
a_n
an}单调递减
∴
lim
x
→
∞
a
n
∃
\lim_{x\to \infty}a_n\space\space\space\exists
limx→∞an ∃
令
lim
n
→
∞
a
n
=
A
\lim_{n\to \infty}\space a_n=A
limn→∞ an=A,由
a
n
+
1
=
l
n
(
1
+
a
n
)
⟹
A
=
l
n
(
1
+
A
)
a_n+_1=ln(1+a_n) \implies A=ln(1+A)
an+1=ln(1+an)⟹A=ln(1+A) ,可推出A = 0
②原式=
lim
x
→
∞
a
n
+
1
−
a
n
a
n
+
1
∗
a
n
\lim_{x\to \infty}\frac{a_n+_1 - a_n}{a_n+_1*a_n}
limx→∞an+1∗anan+1−an,令
a
n
=
t
a_n=t
an=t,有
lim
t
→
0
l
n
(
1
+
t
)
−
t
l
n
(
1
+
t
)
∗
t
(
此
处
采
用
洛
必
达
法
则
)
=
lim
t
→
0
l
n
(
1
+
t
)
−
t
t
2
=
lim
t
→
0
1
1
+
t
−
1
2
t
=
−
1
2
\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{ln(1+t)-t}{ln(1+t)*t}(此处采用洛必达法则)=\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{ln(1+t)-t}{t^2}=\lim_{t\to0}\frac{\frac{1}{1+t}-1}{2t}=-\frac{1}{2}
limt→0ln(1+t)∗tln(1+t)−t(此处采用洛必达法则)=limt→0t2ln(1+t)−t=limt→02t1+t1−1=−21
或采用ln(1+x)的泰勒公式,如下:
lim
t
→
0
l
n
(
1
+
t
)
−
t
l
n
(
1
+
t
)
∗
t
=
lim
t
→
0
l
n
(
1
+
t
)
−
t
t
2
=
lim
t
→
0
t
−
1
2
t
2
+
o
(
t
)
−
t
t
2
=
−
1
2
\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{ln(1+t)-t}{ln(1+t)*t}=\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{ln(1+t)-t}{t^2}=\lim_{t\to0}\frac{t-\frac{1}{2}t^2+o(t)-t}{t^2}=-\frac{1}{2}
limt→0ln(1+t)∗tln(1+t)−t=limt→0t2ln(1+t)−t=limt→0t2t−21t2+o(t)−t=−21
a 1 = 2 , a n + 1 = 1 2 ( a n + 1 a n ) a_1=2,a_n+_1=\frac{1}{2}(a_n+\frac{1}{a_n}) a1=2,an+1=21(an+an1),求证: lim n → ∞ a n ∃ \lim_{n\to \infty} a_n \exists limn→∞an∃
证:
由题目可知,
a
n
a_n
an均为正数,∴可得
a
n
+
1
a
n
≥
2
a_n+\frac{1}{a_n}\ge2
an+an1≥2,∴
a
n
+
1
≥
1
a_n+_1\ge1
an+1≥1(有下界)
a
n
+
1
−
a
n
=
1
2
(
a
n
+
1
a
n
)
−
a
n
=
1
−
a
n
2
2
a
n
≤
0
a_n+_1-a_n=\frac{1}{2}(a_n+\frac{1}{a_n})-a_n=\frac{1-a_n^2}{2a_n}\le0
an+1−an=21(an+an1)−an=2an1−an2≤0,∴{
a
n
a_n
an}单调递减
∴极限存在