构造哈夫曼树

缺点:在找最小值和次小次时,会比已经匹配过的点再重新比较一次,有点浪费。 以后算法学好了再回来看看有什么可以更好的实现方法吧

#include "stdafx.h"
#define N 10					//结点个数
#define MAXVALUE 1000000		//作比较用
typedef struct {
	int weight;			//权值
	int parent;
	int lchild;
	int rchild;
}HaffmanType;

int main()
{
	HaffmanType hfmanTree[2*N-1]; //因为要多一个结点来连接其它结点
	for (int i = 0; i <2 * N - 1; i++)
	{
		hfmanTree[i].weight = -1;
		hfmanTree[i].parent = -1;
		hfmanTree[i].lchild = -1;
		hfmanTree[i].rchild = -1;
	}
	hfmanTree[0].weight = 2;
	hfmanTree[2].weight = 5;
	hfmanTree[1].weight = 3;
	hfmanTree[3].weight = 1;
	hfmanTree[5].weight = 8;
	hfmanTree[7].weight = 2;
	hfmanTree[8].weight = 12;
	hfmanTree[9].weight = 52;
	hfmanTree[10].weight = 10;
	hfmanTree[11].weight = 9;
	int x1, x2,m1,m2;		//x1是用来选最小值,x2用来选次小值,m1用来保留最小值的下标,m2用来保留次小值下标
	for (int i = 0; i < N-1; i++)
	{
		x1 = x2 = MAXVALUE;
		m1 = m2 = 0;

		for (int j = 0; j < N+i; j++)
		{
			if (hfmanTree[j].parent==-1&&hfmanTree[j].weight<x1)
			{
				x2 = x1;
				m2 = m1;
				x1 = hfmanTree[j].weight;
				m1 = j;
			}
			else if(hfmanTree[j].parent == -1 && hfmanTree[j].weight<x2)
			{
				x2 = hfmanTree[i].weight;
				m2 = j;
			}
		}
		hfmanTree[m1].parent = N + i;
		hfmanTree[m2].parent = N + i;
		hfmanTree[N + i].weight = hfmanTree[m1].weight + hfmanTree[m2].weight;
		hfmanTree[N + i].lchild = m1;
		hfmanTree[N + i].rchild = m2;

	}

    return 0;
}

 

构造哈夫曼树是一种常用的数据压缩算法,下面是C++实现哈夫曼树的简单介绍: 1. 定义哈夫曼树的节点结构体,包括字符、权值、左右子节点等信息。 2. 定义一个哈夫曼树的节点比较器,用于按照权值从小到大排序。 3. 构造哈夫曼树时,首先将所有的字符和权值存储到一个vector中,并按照权值从小到大排序。 4. 从vector中取出前两个节点,将它们合并成一个新节点,并将新节点的权值设置为前两个节点的权值之和。 5. 将新节点插入到vector中,并按照权值从小到大排序。 6. 重复步骤4和5,直到vector中只剩下一个节点,此时就构造完成了哈夫曼树。 下面是一个C++实现哈夫曼树的例子: ``` #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; struct HuffmanNode { char c; int weight; HuffmanNode* left; HuffmanNode* right; HuffmanNode(char _c, int _weight) : c(_c), weight(_weight), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {} }; struct Compare { bool operator()(HuffmanNode* a, HuffmanNode* b) { return a->weight > b->weight; } }; void buildHuffmanTree(vector<HuffmanNode*>& nodes) { while (nodes.size() > 1) { sort(nodes.begin(), nodes.end(), Compare()); HuffmanNode* left = nodes; HuffmanNode* right = nodes; nodes.erase(nodes.begin(), nodes.begin() + 2); HuffmanNode* parent = new HuffmanNode('\0', left->weight + right->weight); parent->left = left; parent->right = right; nodes.push_back(parent); } } int main() { string input = "hello world"; vector<int> weights(256, 0); for (char c : input) { weights[c]++; } vector<HuffmanNode*> nodes; for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) { if (weights[i] > 0) { nodes.push_back(new HuffmanNode((char)i, weights[i])); } } buildHuffmanTree(nodes); return 0; } ```
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