1,对常数项可以提出来(x代表关于x的函数):
(
C
x
)
′
=
C
x
′
(Cx)'=Cx'
(Cx)′=Cx′
(
C
x
)
(
n
)
=
C
x
(
n
)
(Cx)^{(n)}=Cx^{(n)}
(Cx)(n)=Cx(n)
2,对加减项分开求导(
x
1
和
x
2
x_1和x_2
x1和x2代表两个关于x的函数):
(
C
1
x
1
+
C
2
x
2
)
′
=
C
1
x
1
′
+
C
2
x
2
′
(C_1x_1+C_2x_2)'=C_1x_1'+C_2x_2'
(C1x1+C2x2)′=C1x1′+C2x2′
(
C
1
x
1
+
C
2
x
2
)
(
n
)
=
C
1
x
1
(
n
)
+
C
2
x
2
(
n
)
(C_1x_1+C_2x_2)^{(n)}=C_1x_1^{(n)}+C_2x_2^{(n)}
(C1x1+C2x2)(n)=C1x1(n)+C2x2(n)
3,对乘法项求导:
(
C
x
1
x
2
)
′
=
C
(
x
1
′
x
2
+
x
1
x
2
′
)
(Cx_1x_2)'=C(x_1'x_2+x_1x_2')
(Cx1x2)′=C(x1′x2+x1x2′)
(
C
x
1
x
2
)
(
n
)
=
C
(
x
1
′
x
2
+
x
1
x
2
′
)
(
n
−
1
)
=
C
(
x
1
′
′
x
2
+
2
x
1
′
x
2
′
+
x
1
x
2
′
′
)
=
.
.
.
.
.
.
(Cx_1x_2)^{(n)}=C(x_1'x_2+x_1x_2')^{(n-1)}=C(x_1''x_2+2x_1'x_2'+x_1x_2'')=......
(Cx1x2)(n)=C(x1′x2+x1x2′)(n−1)=C(x1′′x2+2x1′x2′+x1x2′′)=......
4,对除法项求导:
(
x
1
x
2
)
′
=
x
1
′
x
2
−
x
1
x
2
′
x
2
2
(\frac{x_1}{x_2})'=\frac{x_1'x_2-x_1x_2'}{x_2^2}
(x2x1)′=x22x1′x2−x1x2′
(
x
1
x
2
)
(
n
)
=
(
x
1
′
x
2
−
x
1
x
2
′
x
2
2
)
(
n
−
1
)
(\frac{x_1}{x_2})^{(n)}=(\frac{x_1'x_2-x_1x_2'}{x_2^2})^{(n-1)}
(x2x1)(n)=(x22x1′x2−x1x2′)(n−1)
可以利用导数的性质对上述式子进行证明,导数即为函数在某点的切线的斜率,即为在该点附近函数值得增量与自变量的增量之比(当自变量增量趋近于0时)。