《剑指Offer》面试题的C#解法

面试题2：单例模式

    class SingleTon
	{
		public SingleTon Instance()
		{
			return Nested.instance;
		}
		
		private class  Nested
		{
			internal static readonly SingleTon instance = new SingleTon();
		}
	}

要点：静态变量/函数只会在程序运行时执行一次。

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面试题3：找出数组中重复的数字

        public void Problem3()
        {
            HashSet<int> result = new HashSet<int>();
            int[] input = {2,6,5,7,1,2,3,4,8};
            for (int i = 0; i < input.Length; i++)
			{
                int value = input[i];
                while (input[i] != i)
                {
                    if (input[value] != value)
                    {
                        int temp = input[i];
                        input[i] = input[value];
                        input[value] = temp;
                        value = input[i];
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        result.Add(value);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            foreach (int value in result)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(value);
            }
        }

---

面试题3-2：在不改动原数组的前提下，找出重复的数字

        public void Problem3_2()
		{
			int? result = null;
			int num = 0;
			int[] array = { 2, 3, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6, 7 };
			int start = 0, end = array.Length - 1;
			while (end >= start)
			{
				int mid = (end - start)>>1 + start;
				int count = GetCount(array, start, mid);
				if (end == start)
				{
					if (count > 1)
					{
						result = array[start];
						num = count;
					}
					break;
				}
				if (count > (mid - start + 1))
				{
					end = mid;
				}
				else
				{
					start = mid + 1;
				}
			}
			if (result == null)
			{
				Console.WriteLine("没有重复的数字");
			}
			else
			{
				Console.WriteLine(result + "重复了{0}次", num);
			}
		}

		private int GetCount(int[] array, int start, int end)
		{
			int count = 0;
			for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
			{
				for (int j = start; j <= end; j++)
				{
					if (array[i] == array[j])
					{
						count++;
					}
				}
			}
			return count;
		}

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面试题4：在二维数组中查找数字

        public bool Problem4(int target)
		{
			int[,] input = {
				{ 1,2,3},
				{ 2,4,6},
				{ 3,6,9},
			};
			bool result = false;
			int col = input.GetUpperBound(0) + 1;
			int row = input.GetLength(0);
			//从右上开始遍历
			int c = col - 1;//列
			int r = 0;//行
			while (c < 0 || r > row - 1)
			{
				int value = input[c, r];
				if (value == target)
				{
					result = true;
					break;
				}
				else if (value > target)
				{
					c--;
				}
				else
				{
					r++;
				}
			}
			Console.WriteLine(result);
			return result;
		}

要点：从右上角或者左下角开始比较，才可以在每次比较中缩小查询的区域。

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面试题5：将字符串中的空格提替换成指定字符

        public string Problem5(string input, string target)
		{
			if (input.Length == 0)
			{