对于一个一维点集 A,设其中有 C 个点,记作
x
x
x,设使得曼哈顿距离下的组内误差平方和最小的质心的坐标为
x
0
x_{0}
x0,则问题就是求解
argmin
∑
∣
x
−
x
0
∣
\text{argmin }\sum\limits_{}^{}|x-x_{0}|
argmin ∑∣x−x0∣
设
x
≥
x
0
x \geq x_{0}
x≥x0 的点有
C
1
C_{1}
C1 个,
x
<
x
0
x<x_{0}
x<x0 的点有
C
2
C_{2}
C2 个,就有
argmin
∑
x
≥
x
0
(
x
−
x
0
)
+
∑
x
<
x
0
(
x
0
−
x
)
=
argmin
∑
x
≥
x
0
x
−
∑
x
<
x
0
x
+
(
C
2
−
C
1
)
x
0
=
f
(
x
0
)
\begin{aligned} &\text{argmin }\sum\limits_{x \geq x_{0}}^{}\left(x-x_{0}\right) +\sum\limits_{x<x_{0}}^{}(x_{0}-x)\\ =&\text{argmin }\sum\limits_{x \geq x_{0}}^{}x-\sum\limits_{x<x_{0}}^{}x+(C_{2}-C_{1})x_{0}=f(x_{0}) \end{aligned}
=argmin x≥x0∑(x−x0)+x<x0∑(x0−x)argmin x≥x0∑x−x<x0∑x+(C2−C1)x0=f(x0)
上式对
x
0
x_{0}
x0 求偏导
∂
f
(
x
0
)
∂
x
0
=
C
2
−
C
1
=
0
C
2
=
C
1
\begin{aligned} \frac{\partial f(x_{0})}{\partial x_{0}}=C_{2}-C_{1}&=0\\ C_{2}&=C_{1} \end{aligned}
∂x0∂f(x0)=C2−C1C2=0=C1
其中
C
1
C_{1}
C1 是
x
≥
x
0
x \geq x_{0}
x≥x0 的点的数量,
C
2
C_{2}
C2 是
x
<
x
0
x<x_{0}
x<x0 的点的数量,若
C
1
=
C
2
C_{1}=C_{2}
C1=C2,即
x
0
x_{0}
x0 为中位数