装饰者模式:
首先定义抽象的组件类,子类继承该类后持有抽象类的引用,在抽象类的基础上可以在调用父类方法前后分别执行自己的行为。从而实现装饰添加新的功能特性。再次强调了使用组合的好处。
强调对扩展开放,对修改关闭。
在Java I/O中应用了装饰者模式。
2.实现三种不同种类的饮料
3.定义添加了调料的饮料抽象类
4.实现不同调料的饮料
可以看到不同种类的饮料得出了不同的价格。
首先定义抽象的组件类,子类继承该类后持有抽象类的引用,在抽象类的基础上可以在调用父类方法前后分别执行自己的行为。从而实现装饰添加新的功能特性。再次强调了使用组合的好处。
强调对扩展开放,对修改关闭。
在Java I/O中应用了装饰者模式。
装饰者模式类图:
以下程序来自Head First设计模式中的实例代码,模拟了不同种类的饮料不同的售价计算方法。
1.定义饮料接口
package net.dp.decorator;
public abstract class Beverage {
protected String description = "Unknown Beverage";
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public abstract double cost();
}
2.实现三种不同种类的饮料
package net.dp.decorator.coffee;
import net.dp.decorator.Beverage;
public class Espresso extends Beverage {
public Espresso() {
description = "Espresso";
}
public double cost() {
return 1.99;
}
}
package net.dp.decorator;
public abstract class Beverage {
protected String description = "Unknown Beverage";
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public abstract double cost();
}
package net.dp.decorator.coffee;
import net.dp.decorator.Beverage;
public class HouseBlend extends Beverage {
public HouseBlend() {
description = "House Blend Coffee";
}
public double cost() {
return .89;
}
}
3.定义添加了调料的饮料抽象类
package net.dp.decorator;
public abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage {
public abstract String getDescription();
}
4.实现不同调料的饮料
package net.dp.decorator.flovoring;
import net.dp.decorator.Beverage;
import net.dp.decorator.CondimentDecorator;
public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator {
Beverage beverage;
public Mocha(Beverage beverage) {
this.beverage = beverage;
}
public String getDescription() {
return beverage.getDescription() + ", Mocha";
}
public double cost() {
return .20 + beverage.cost();
}
}
package net.dp.decorator.flovoring;
import net.dp.decorator.Beverage;
import net.dp.decorator.CondimentDecorator;
public class Soy extends CondimentDecorator {
Beverage beverage;
public Soy(Beverage beverage) {
this.beverage = beverage;
}
public String getDescription() {
return beverage.getDescription() + ", Soy";
}
public double cost() {
return .15 + beverage.cost();
}
}
package net.dp.decorator.flovoring;
import net.dp.decorator.Beverage;
import net.dp.decorator.CondimentDecorator;
public class Whip extends CondimentDecorator {
Beverage beverage;
public Whip(Beverage beverage) {
this.beverage = beverage;
}
public String getDescription() {
return beverage.getDescription() + ", Whip";
}
public double cost() {
return .10 + beverage.cost();
}
}
5.终于大功告成!跑一把!
package net.dp.decorator;
import net.dp.decorator.coffee.DarkRoast;
import net.dp.decorator.coffee.Espresso;
import net.dp.decorator.coffee.HouseBlend;
import net.dp.decorator.flovoring.Mocha;
import net.dp.decorator.flovoring.Soy;
import net.dp.decorator.flovoring.Whip;
public class StarbuzzCoffee {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Beverage beverage = new Espresso();
System.out.println(beverage.getDescription() + " $" + beverage.cost());
Beverage beverage2 = new DarkRoast();
beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2);
beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2);
beverage2 = new Whip(beverage2);
System.out
.println(beverage2.getDescription() + " $" + beverage2.cost());
Beverage beverage3 = new HouseBlend();
beverage3 = new Soy(beverage2);
beverage3 = new Mocha(beverage2);
beverage3 = new Whip(beverage2);
System.out
.println(beverage3.getDescription() + " $" + beverage3.cost());
}
}
可以看到不同种类的饮料得出了不同的价格。