ActivityThread的attach是Android应用程序启动的关键步骤之一。在attach过程中，ActivityThread会完成一系列的初始化工作，包括创建Application对象、创建Activity对象、加载资源等。
以下是ActivityThread的attach过程的简要描述：
-
创建Application对象：ActivityThread会根据AndroidManifest.xml文件中指定的Application类名，使用反射机制创建一个Application对象。
-
创建Activity对象：ActivityThread会根据AndroidManifest.xml文件中指定的Activity类名，使用反射机制创建一个Activity对象。
-
加载资源：ActivityThread会根据AndroidManifest.xml文件中指定的资源文件路径，加载应用程序所需的资源。
-
初始化Activity对象：ActivityThread会调用Activity对象的attach方法，将Application对象和Activity的上下文等信息传递给Activity对象。
-
启动Activity：ActivityThread会调用Activity对象的onCreate方法，开始执行Activity的生命周期。
通过ActivityThread的attach过程，Android应用程序能够完成必要的初始化工作，并启动指定的Activity。
下面从代码角度分析：
//frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
public final class ActivityThread extends ClientTransactionHandler implements ActivityThreadInternal {
private void attach(boolean system, long startSeq) {
sCurrentActivityThread = this;
mConfigurationController = new ConfigurationController(this);
mSystemThread = system;
if (!system) {
android.ddm.DdmHandleAppName.setAppName("<pre-initialized>",
UserHandle.myUserId());
RuntimeInit.setApplicationObject(mAppThread.asBinder());
final IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManager.getService();
try {
mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread, startSeq);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
// Watch for getting close to heap limit.
BinderInternal.addGcWatcher(new Runnable() {
@Override public void run() {
if (!mSomeActivitiesChanged) {
return;
}
Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
long dalvikMax = runtime.maxMemory();
long dalvikUsed = runtime.totalMemory() - runtime.freeMemory();
if (dalvikUsed > ((3*dalvikMax)/4)) {
if (DEBUG_MEMORY_TRIM) Slog.d(TAG, "Dalvik max=" + (dalvikMax/1024)
+ " total=" + (runtime.totalMemory()/1024)
+ " used=" + (dalvikUsed/1024));
mSomeActivitiesChanged = false;
try {
ActivityTaskManager.getService().releaseSomeActivities(mAppThread);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
}
}
});
} else {
// Don't set application object here -- if the system crashes,
// we can't display an alert, we just want to die die die.
android.ddm.DdmHandleAppName.setAppName("system_process",
UserHandle.myUserId());
try {
mInstrumentation = new Instrumentation();
mInstrumentation.basicInit(this);
ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(
this, getSystemContext().mPackageInfo);
mInitialApplication = context.mPackageInfo.makeApplicationInner(true, null);
mInitialApplication.onCreate();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate Application():" + e.toString(), e);
}
}
ViewRootImpl.ConfigChangedCallback configChangedCallback = (Configuration globalConfig) -> {
synchronized (mResourcesManager) {
// We need to apply this change to the resources immediately, because upon returning
// the view hierarchy will be informed about it.
if (mResourcesManager.applyConfigurationToResources(globalConfig,
null /* compat */)) {
mConfigurationController.updateLocaleListFromAppContext(
mInitialApplication.getApplicationContext());
// This actually changed the resources! Tell everyone about it.
final Configuration updatedConfig =
mConfigurationController.updatePendingConfiguration(globalConfig);
if (updatedConfig != null) {
sendMessage(H.CONFIGURATION_CHANGED, globalConfig);
mPendingConfiguration = updatedConfig;
}
}
}
};
ViewRootImpl.addConfigCallback(configChangedCallback);
}
}调用mgr(IActivityManager)的attachApplication方法，IActivityManager是一个接口，由ActivityManagerService实现：
//frameworks/base/service/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
public class ActivityManagerService extends IActivityManager.Stub
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback, ActivityManagerGlobalLock {
public final void attachApplication(IApplicationThread thread, long startSeq) {
if (thread == null) {
throw new SecurityException("Invalid application interface");
}
synchronized (this) {
int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
attachApplicationLocked(thread, callingPid, callingUid, startSeq);
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
}
}ActivityManagerService attachApplicationLocked
调用ActivityManagerService的attachApplicationLocked方法：
//frameworks/base/service/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
public class ActivityManagerService extends IActivityManager.Stub
private boolean attachApplicationLocked(@NonNull IApplicationThread thread,
int pid, int callingUid, long startSeq) {
// Find the application record that is being attached... either via
// the pid if we are running in multiple processes, or just pull the
// next app record if we are emulating process with anonymous threads.
ProcessRecord app;
long startTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
long bindApplicationTimeMillis;
if (pid != MY_PID && pid >= 0) {
synchronized (mPidsSelfLocked) {
app = mPidsSelfLocked.get(pid);
}
if (app != null && (app.getStartUid() != callingUid || app.getStartSeq() != startSeq)) {
String processName = null;
final ProcessRecord pending = mProcessList.mPendingStarts.get(startSeq);
if (pending != null) {
processName = pending.processName;
}
final String msg = "attachApplicationLocked process:" + processName
+ " startSeq:" + startSeq
+ " pid:" + pid
+ " belongs to another existing app:" + app.processName
+ " startSeq:" + app.getStartSeq();
Slog.wtf(TAG, msg);
// SafetyNet logging for b/131105245.
EventLog.writeEvent(0x534e4554, "131105245", app.getStartUid(), msg);
// If there is already an app occupying that pid that hasn't been cleaned up
cleanUpApplicationRecordLocked(app, pid, false, false, -1,
true /*replacingPid*/, false /* fromBinderDied */);
removePidLocked(pid, app);
app = null;
}
} else {
app = null;
}
// It's possible that process called attachApplication before we got a chance to
// update the internal state.
if (app == null && startSeq > 0) {
final ProcessRecord pending = mProcessList.mPendingStarts.get(startSeq);
if (pending != null && pending.getStartUid() == callingUid
&& pending.getStartSeq() == startSeq
&& mProcessList.handleProcessStartedLocked(pending, pid,
pending.isUsingWrapper(), startSeq, true)) {
app = pending;
}
}
if (app == null) {
Slog.w(TAG, "No pending application record for pid " + pid
+ " (IApplicationThread " + thread + "); dropping process");
EventLogTags.writeAmDropProcess(pid);
if (pid > 0 && pid != MY_PID) {
killProcessQuiet(pid);
//TODO: killProcessGroup(app.info.uid, pid);
// We can't log the app kill info for this process since we don't
// know who it is, so just skip the logging.
} else {
try {
thread.scheduleExit();
} catch (Exception e) {
// Ignore exceptions.
}
}
return false;
}
// If this application record is still attached to a previous
// process, clean it up now.
if (app.getThread() != null) {
handleAppDiedLocked(app, pid, true, true, false /* fromBinderDied */);
}
// Tell the process all about itself.
if (DEBUG_ALL) Slog.v(
TAG, "Binding process pid " + pid + " to record " + app);
final String processName = app.processName;
try {
AppDeathRecipient adr = new AppDeathRecipient(
app, pid, thread);
thread.asBinder().linkToDeath(adr, 0);
app.setDeathRecipient(adr);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
app.resetPackageList(mProcessStats);
mProcessList.startProcessLocked(app,
new HostingRecord(HostingRecord.HOSTING_TYPE_LINK_FAIL, processName),
ZYGOTE_POLICY_FLAG_EMPTY);
return false;
}
EventLogTags.writeAmProcBound(app.userId, pid, app.processName);
synchronized (mProcLock) {
app.mState.setCurAdj(ProcessList.INVALID_ADJ);
app.mState.setSetAdj(ProcessList.INVALID_ADJ);
app.mState.setVerifiedAdj(ProcessList.INVALID_ADJ);
mOomAdjuster.setAttachingSchedGroupLSP(app);
app.mState.setForcingToImportant(null);
updateProcessForegroundLocked(app, false, 0, false);
app.mState.setHasShownUi(false);
app.mState.setCached(false);
app.setDebugging(false);
app.setKilledByAm(false);
app.setKilled(false);
// We carefully use the same state that PackageManager uses for
// filtering, since we use this flag to decide if we need to install
// providers when user is unlocked later
app.setUnlocked(StorageManager.isUserKeyUnlocked(app.userId));
}
mHandler.removeMessages(PROC_START_TIMEOUT_MSG, app);
boolean normalMode = mProcessesReady || isAllowedWhileBooting(app.info);
List<ProviderInfo> providers = normalMode
? mCpHelper.generateApplicationProvidersLocked(app)
: null;
if (providers != null && mCpHelper.checkAppInLaunchingProvidersLocked(app)) {
Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(CONTENT_PROVIDER_PUBLISH_TIMEOUT_MSG);
msg.obj = app;
mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg,
ContentResolver.CONTENT_PROVIDER_PUBLISH_TIMEOUT_MILLIS);
}
checkTime(startTime, "attachApplicationLocked: before bindApplication");
if (!normalMode) {
Slog.i(TAG, "Launching preboot mode app: " + app);
}
if (DEBUG_ALL) Slog.v(
TAG, "New app record " + app
+ " thread=" + thread.asBinder() + " pid=" + pid);
final BackupRecord backupTarget = mBackupTargets.get(app.userId);
try {
int testMode = ApplicationThreadConstants.DEBUG_OFF;
if (mDebugApp != null && mDebugApp.equals(processName)) {
testMode = mWaitForDebugger
? ApplicationThreadConstants.DEBUG_WAIT
: ApplicationThreadConstants.DEBUG_ON;
app.setDebugging(true);
if (mDebugTransient) {
mDebugApp = mOrigDebugApp;
mWaitForDebugger = mOrigWaitForDebugger;
}
}
boolean enableTrackAllocation = false;
synchronized (mProcLock) {
if (mTrackAllocationApp != null && mTrackAllocationApp.equals(processName)) {
enableTrackAllocation = true;
mTrackAllocationApp = null;
}
}
// If the app is being launched for restore or full backup, set it up specially
boolean isRestrictedBackupMode = false;
if (backupTarget != null && backupTarget.appInfo.packageName.equals(processName)) {
isRestrictedBackupMode = backupTarget.appInfo.uid >= FIRST_APPLICATION_UID
&& ((backupTarget.backupMode == BackupRecord.RESTORE)
|| (backupTarget.backupMode == BackupRecord.RESTORE_FULL)
|| (backupTarget.backupMode == BackupRecord.BACKUP_FULL));
}
final ActiveInstrumentation instr = app.getActiveInstrumentation();
if (instr != null) {
notifyPackageUse(instr.mClass.getPackageName(),
PackageManager.NOTIFY_PACKAGE_USE_INSTRUMENTATION);
}
ProtoLog.v(WM_DEBUG_CONFIGURATION, "Binding proc %s with config %s",
processName, app.getWindowProcessController().getConfiguration());
ApplicationInfo appInfo = instr != null ? instr.mTargetInfo : app.info;
app.setCompat(compatibilityInfoForPackage(appInfo));
ProfilerInfo profilerInfo = mAppProfiler.setupProfilerInfoLocked(thread, app, instr);
// We deprecated Build.SERIAL and it is not accessible to
// Instant Apps and target APIs higher than O MR1. Since access to the serial
// is now behind a permission we push down the value.
final String buildSerial = (!appInfo.isInstantApp()
&& appInfo.targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.P)
? sTheRealBuildSerial : Build.UNKNOWN;
// Figure out whether the app needs to run in autofill compat mode.
AutofillOptions autofillOptions = null;
if (UserHandle.getAppId(app.info.uid) >= Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID) {
final AutofillManagerInternal afm = LocalServices.getService(
AutofillManagerInternal.class);
if (afm != null) {
autofillOptions = afm.getAutofillOptions(
app.info.packageName, app.info.longVersionCode, app.userId);
}
}
ContentCaptureOptions contentCaptureOptions = null;
if (UserHandle.getAppId(app.info.uid) >= Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID) {
final ContentCaptureManagerInternal ccm =
LocalServices.getService(ContentCaptureManagerInternal.class);
if (ccm != null) {
contentCaptureOptions = ccm.getOptionsForPackage(app.userId,
app.info.packageName);
}
}
SharedMemory serializedSystemFontMap = null;
final FontManagerInternal fm = LocalServices.getService(FontManagerInternal.class);
if (fm != null) {
serializedSystemFontMap = fm.getSerializedSystemFontMap();
}
checkTime(startTime, "attachApplicationLocked: immediately before bindApplication");
bindApplicationTimeMillis = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
mAtmInternal.preBindApplication(app.getWindowProcessController());
final ActiveInstrumentation instr2 = app.getActiveInstrumentation();
if (mPlatformCompat != null) {
mPlatformCompat.resetReporting(app.info);
}
final ProviderInfoList providerList = ProviderInfoList.fromList(providers);
if (app.getIsolatedEntryPoint() != null) {
// This is an isolated process which should just call an entry point instead of
// being bound to an application.
thread.runIsolatedEntryPoint(
app.getIsolatedEntryPoint(), app.getIsolatedEntryPointArgs());
} else if (instr2 != null) {
thread.bindApplication(processName, appInfo,
app.sdkSandboxClientAppVolumeUuid, app.sdkSandboxClientAppPackage,
providerList,
instr2.mClass,
profilerInfo, instr2.mArguments,
instr2.mWatcher,
instr2.mUiAutomationConnection, testMode,
mBinderTransactionTrackingEnabled, enableTrackAllocation,
isRestrictedBackupMode || !normalMode, app.isPersistent(),
new Configuration(app.getWindowProcessController().getConfiguration()),
app.getCompat(), getCommonServicesLocked(app.isolated),
mCoreSettingsObserver.getCoreSettingsLocked(),
buildSerial, autofillOptions, contentCaptureOptions,
app.getDisabledCompatChanges(), serializedSystemFontMap,
app.getStartElapsedTime(), app.getStartUptime());
} else {
thread.bindApplication(processName, appInfo,
app.sdkSandboxClientAppVolumeUuid, app.sdkSandboxClientAppPackage,
providerList, null, profilerInfo, null, null, null, testMode,
mBinderTransactionTrackingEnabled, enableTrackAllocation,
isRestrictedBackupMode || !normalMode, app.isPersistent(),
new Configuration(app.getWindowProcessController().getConfiguration()),
app.getCompat(), getCommonServicesLocked(app.isolated),
mCoreSettingsObserver.getCoreSettingsLocked(),
buildSerial, autofillOptions, contentCaptureOptions,
app.getDisabledCompatChanges(), serializedSystemFontMap,
app.getStartElapsedTime(), app.getStartUptime());
}
if (profilerInfo != null) {
profilerInfo.closeFd();
profilerInfo = null;
}
// Make app active after binding application or client may be running requests (e.g
// starting activities) before it is ready.
synchronized (mProcLock) {
app.makeActive(thread, mProcessStats);
checkTime(startTime, "attachApplicationLocked: immediately after bindApplication");
}
updateLruProcessLocked(app, false, null);
checkTime(startTime, "attachApplicationLocked: after updateLruProcessLocked");
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
synchronized (mAppProfiler.mProfilerLock) {
app.mProfile.setLastRequestedGc(now);
app.mProfile.setLastLowMemory(now);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// We need kill the process group here. (b/148588589)
Slog.wtf(TAG, "Exception thrown during bind of " + app, e);
app.resetPackageList(mProcessStats);
app.unlinkDeathRecipient();
app.killLocked("error during bind", ApplicationExitInfo.REASON_INITIALIZATION_FAILURE,
true);
handleAppDiedLocked(app, pid, false, true, false /* fromBinderDied */);
return false;
}
// Remove this record from the list of starting applications.
mPersistentStartingProcesses.remove(app);
if (DEBUG_PROCESSES && mProcessesOnHold.contains(app)) Slog.v(TAG_PROCESSES,
"Attach application locked removing on hold: " + app);
mProcessesOnHold.remove(app);
boolean badApp = false;
boolean didSomething = false;
// See if the top visible activity is waiting to run in this process...
if (normalMode) {
try {
didSomething = mAtmInternal.attachApplication(app.getWindowProcessController());
} catch (Exception e) {
Slog.wtf(TAG, "Exception thrown launching activities in " + app, e);
badApp = true;
}
}
// Find any services that should be running in this process...
if (!badApp) {
try {
didSomething |= mServices.attachApplicationLocked(app, processName);
checkTime(startTime, "attachApplicationLocked: after mServices.attachApplicationLocked");
} catch (Exception e) {
Slog.wtf(TAG, "Exception thrown starting services in " + app, e);
badApp = true;
}
}
if (!badApp) {
updateUidReadyForBootCompletedBroadcastLocked(app.uid);
}
// Check if a next-broadcast receiver is in this process...
if (!badApp && isPendingBroadcastProcessLocked(pid)) {
try {
didSomething |= sendPendingBroadcastsLocked(app);
checkTime(startTime, "attachApplicationLocked: after sendPendingBroadcastsLocked");
} catch (Exception e) {
// If the app died trying to launch the receiver we declare it 'bad'
Slog.wtf(TAG, "Exception thrown dispatching broadcasts in " + app, e);
badApp = true;
}
}
// Check whether the next backup agent is in this process...
if (!badApp && backupTarget != null && backupTarget.app == app) {
if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Slog.v(TAG_BACKUP,
"New app is backup target, launching agent for " + app);
notifyPackageUse(backupTarget.appInfo.packageName,
PackageManager.NOTIFY_PACKAGE_USE_BACKUP);
try {
thread.scheduleCreateBackupAgent(backupTarget.appInfo,
compatibilityInfoForPackage(backupTarget.appInfo),
backupTarget.backupMode, backupTarget.userId, backupTarget.operationType);
} catch (Exception e) {
Slog.wtf(TAG, "Exception thrown creating backup agent in " + app, e);
badApp = true;
}
}
if (badApp) {
app.killLocked("error during init", ApplicationExitInfo.REASON_INITIALIZATION_FAILURE,
true);
handleAppDiedLocked(app, pid, false, true, false /* fromBinderDied */);
return false;
}
if (!didSomething) {
updateOomAdjLocked(app, OomAdjuster.OOM_ADJ_REASON_PROCESS_BEGIN);
checkTime(startTime, "attachApplicationLocked: after updateOomAdjLocked");
}
final HostingRecord hostingRecord = app.getHostingRecord();
String shortAction = getShortAction(hostingRecord.getAction());
FrameworkStatsLog.write(
FrameworkStatsLog.PROCESS_START_TIME,
app.info.uid,
pid,
app.info.packageName,
FrameworkStatsLog.PROCESS_START_TIME__TYPE__COLD,
app.getStartElapsedTime(),
(int) (bindApplicationTimeMillis - app.getStartUptime()),
(int) (SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - app.getStartUptime()),
hostingRecord.getType(),
hostingRecord.getName(),
shortAction,
HostingRecord.getHostingTypeIdStatsd(hostingRecord.getType()),
HostingRecord.getTriggerTypeForStatsd(hostingRecord.getTriggerType()));
return true;
}
}调用thread(IApplicationThread)的bindApplication方法，IApplicationThread是个接口，由ActivityThread的内部类ApplicationThread实现：
//frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
public final class ActivityThread extends ClientTransactionHandler implements ActivityThreadInternal {
public final void bindApplication(String processName, ApplicationInfo appInfo,
String sdkSandboxClientAppVolumeUuid, String sdkSandboxClientAppPackage,
ProviderInfoList providerList, ComponentName instrumentationName,
ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle instrumentationArgs,
IInstrumentationWatcher instrumentationWatcher,
IUiAutomationConnection instrumentationUiConnection, int debugMode,
boolean enableBinderTracking, boolean trackAllocation,
boolean isRestrictedBackupMode, boolean persistent, Configuration config,
CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, Map services, Bundle coreSettings,
String buildSerial, AutofillOptions autofillOptions,
ContentCaptureOptions contentCaptureOptions, long[] disabledCompatChanges,
SharedMemory serializedSystemFontMap,
long startRequestedElapsedTime, long startRequestedUptime) {
if (services != null) {
if (false) {
// Test code to make sure the app could see the passed-in services.
for (Object oname : services.keySet()) {
if (services.get(oname) == null) {
continue; // AM just passed in a null service.
}
String name = (String) oname;
// See b/79378449 about the following exemption.
switch (name) {
case "package":
case Context.WINDOW_SERVICE:
continue;
}
if (ServiceManager.getService(name) == null) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Service " + name + " should be accessible by this app");
}
}
}
// Setup the service cache in the ServiceManager
ServiceManager.initServiceCache(services);
}
setCoreSettings(coreSettings);
AppBindData data = new AppBindData();
data.processName = processName;
data.appInfo = appInfo;
data.sdkSandboxClientAppVolumeUuid = sdkSandboxClientAppVolumeUuid;
data.sdkSandboxClientAppPackage = sdkSandboxClientAppPackage;
data.providers = providerList.getList();
data.instrumentationName = instrumentationName;
data.instrumentationArgs = instrumentationArgs;
data.instrumentationWatcher = instrumentationWatcher;
data.instrumentationUiAutomationConnection = instrumentationUiConnection;
data.debugMode = debugMode;
data.enableBinderTracking = enableBinderTracking;
data.trackAllocation = trackAllocation;
data.restrictedBackupMode = isRestrictedBackupMode;
data.persistent = persistent;
data.config = config;
data.compatInfo = compatInfo;
data.initProfilerInfo = profilerInfo;
data.buildSerial = buildSerial;
data.autofillOptions = autofillOptions;
data.contentCaptureOptions = contentCaptureOptions;
data.disabledCompatChanges = disabledCompatChanges;
data.mSerializedSystemFontMap = serializedSystemFontMap;
data.startRequestedElapsedTime = startRequestedElapsedTime;
data.startRequestedUptime = startRequestedUptime;
sendMessage(H.BIND_APPLICATION, data); // 发送消息。
}
}
}发送BIND_APPLICATION消息，发送的消息在H类的handleMessage中处理：
//frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
public final class ActivityThread extends ClientTransactionHandler implements ActivityThreadInternal {
class H extends Handler {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case BIND_APPLICATION:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "bindApplication");
AppBindData data = (AppBindData)msg.obj;
handleBindApplication(data);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
}
}
}
}ActivityThread handleBindApplication
调用ActivityThread的handleBindApplication方法：
待更新
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