编写同类型多个设备字符驱动应注意一下几个问题:
1、申请设备号alloc_chrdev_region时须指定次设备号范围;
2、动态分配设备空间时同时分配NUM个设备的空间;
3、根据次设备号和统一的主设备号生成针对单个设备的devno,然后完成cdev_add注册;
4、设备文件的device_create中可以指定第五个参数来区别不同设备的设备文件(节点)名称;
5、卸载函数中注意循环卸载设备文件以及注销设备;
6、注销设备号;
遗留问题:通过cdev_add中指定count参数应该可以完成多个设备的同时注册,但cdev_del中并没有devno做入参,
暂未确认一次调用是否可以完成对多个设备的注销,留待日后解决。
代码如下:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#define MAX_SIZE 0x1000
#define MEM_CLEAR 0x1
#define MEM_PRINT 0x2
#define DEVICE_NUM 4
static struct class *class;
static struct device *classdev;
struct virtdev_dev
{
struct cdev cdev;
unsigned char mem[MAX_SIZE];
};
struct virtdev_dev *devp;
dev_t devno;
int major;
static int virtdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
struct virtdev_dev *dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev,
struct virtdev_dev, cdev);
filp->private_data = dev;
return 0;
}
static int virtdev_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
return 0;
}
static long virtdev_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
struct virtdev_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
switch (cmd)
{
case MEM_CLEAR:
memset(dev->mem, 0, MAX_SIZE);
printk(KERN_INFO "virtdev is set to zero.\n");
break;
case MEM_PRINT:
printk(KERN_INFO "copying string OK!\n");
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;
}
return 0;
}
static ssize_t virtdev_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
unsigned long p = *ppos;
unsigned int count = size;
int ret = 0;
struct virtdev_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
if (p >= MAX_SIZE)
return -EINVAL;
if (count > MAX_SIZE - p)
count = MAX_SIZE - p;
if (copy_to_user(buf, dev->mem + p, count))
ret = -EINVAL;
else
{
*ppos += count;
ret = count;
printk(KERN_INFO "read %u byte(s) from %lu\n", count, p);
}
return ret;
}
static ssize_t virtdev_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size,
loff_t *ppos)
{
unsigned long p = *ppos;
unsigned int count = size;
int ret = 0;
struct virtdev_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
if (p >= MAX_SIZE)
return -EINVAL;
if (count > MAX_SIZE - p)
count = MAX_SIZE - p;
if (copy_from_user(dev->mem + p, buf, count))
ret = -EINVAL;
else
{
*ppos += count;
ret = count;
printk(KERN_INFO "write %u byte(s) from %lu\n", count, p);
}
return ret;
}
static loff_t virtdev_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int orig)
{
loff_t ret = 0;
switch (orig)
{
case 0:
if (offset < 0)
{
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
if (offset > MAX_SIZE)
{
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
filp->f_pos = offset;
ret = filp->f_pos;
break;
case 1:
if ((filp->f_pos + offset) < 0 )
{
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
if ((filp->f_pos + offset) > MAX_SIZE)
{
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
filp->f_pos += offset;
ret = filp->f_pos;
break;
default:
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
return ret;
}
static const struct file_operations virtdev_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.llseek = virtdev_llseek,
.read = virtdev_read,
.write = virtdev_write,
.unlocked_ioctl = virtdev_ioctl,
.open = virtdev_open,
.release = virtdev_release,
};
static char *chardev_devnode(struct device *dev, umode_t *mode)
{
if (mode)
*mode = 0666;
return NULL;
}
static void virtdev_setup_cdev(struct virtdev_dev *dev, int index)
{
int err;
int ret;
int devno = MKDEV(major, index);
classdev = device_create(class, NULL, devno, NULL, "virtdev%d", index);
if (IS_ERR(class))
{
ret = PTR_ERR(classdev);
printk(KERN_ERR "device create error %d\n", ret);
class_destroy(class);
}
cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &virtdev_fops);
dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1);
if (err)
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding virtdev%d", err, index);
}
static int __init virtdev_init(void)
{
int ret;
int i;
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, DEVICE_NUM, "virtdev");
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
major = MAJOR(devno);
devp = kzalloc(sizeof(struct virtdev_dev) * DEVICE_NUM, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!devp)
{
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto fail_malloc;
}
class = class_create(NULL, "virtdev");
if (IS_ERR(class))
{
ret = PTR_ERR(class);
printk(KERN_ERR "class create error %d\n", ret);
goto fail_malloc;
}
class->devnode = chardev_devnode;
for (i = 0; i < DEVICE_NUM; i++)
virtdev_setup_cdev(devp + i, i);
return 0;
fail_malloc:
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
return ret;
}
static void __exit virtdev_exit(void)
{
int i;
int devno;
for (i = 0; i < DEVICE_NUM; i++)
{
devno = MKDEV(major, i);
device_destroy(class, devno);
cdev_del(&((devp+i)->cdev));
}
class_destroy(class);
kfree(devp);
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, 0), DEVICE_NUM);
}
module_init(virtdev_init);
module_exit(virtdev_exit);
MODULE_AUTHOR("lql");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
运行结果显示:
加载模块是/proc/devices文件中有virtdev设备生成,/dev路径下有virtdev0、virtdev1、virtdev2、virtdev3设备文件生成;
加载模块是/proc/devices文件中删除virtdev设备,/dev路径下删除virtdev0、virtdev1、virtdev2、virtdev3设备文件;