Day14-集成学习-机器学习-案例一：幸福感预测(DataWhale)

案例一：幸福感预测

需要使用包括个体变量(性别、年龄、地域、职业、健康、婚姻与政治面貌等)、家庭变量(父母、配偶、子女、家庭资本)、社会态度(公平、信用、公共服务)等139个维度来预测其对幸福感的影响。

1. 基本信息

数据信息

• 维度：139个
• 数据集：8000组
• 预测值：(1,2,3,4,5)。1最低，5最高

评价指标

使用均方误差MSE，即
$$Score=\frac{1}{n}\sum _1^n(y_i-y^{\ast }{)}^2$$

2. 特征工程

2.1 导入数据集

import pandas as pd 
import numpy as np

train = pd.read_csv("train.csv", parse_dates=['survey_time'], encoding='latin-1')
# parse_dates:日期解析
# latin-1向下兼容ASCII
test = pd.read_csv("test.csv", parse_dates=['survey_time'], encoding='latin-1')

#happiness存在-8的不在范围内数据，需要删除
#思考：如果是多个值需要删除，如何处理？
train = train[train["happiness"]!=-8].reset_index(drop=True)
train_data_copy = train.copy()

target_col = "happiness" #目标列
target = train_data_copy[target_col]

del train_data_copy[target_col]  #去除目标列，只保留维度值

data = pd.concat([train_data_copy, test], axis=0, ignore_index=True)
#将训练集和测试集合并

2.2 查看数据基本信息

train.happiness.describe()
#数据的基本信息

count    7988.000000
mean        3.867927
std         0.818717
min         1.000000
25%         4.000000
50%         4.000000
75%         4.000000
max         5.000000
Name: happiness, dtype: float64

# 查看字段的详细信息
pd.set_option("display.max_info_columns", 100) #100改为200，可以显示所有的列信息
data.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 10956 entries, 0 to 10955
Columns: 139 entries, id to public_service_9
dtypes: datetime64[ns](1), float64(26), int64(109), object(3)
memory usage: 11.6+ MB

观察到上面的happiness的值处理后范围都在1-5之间，为有效值

2.3 数据预处理

首先对数据中连续出现的负数值进行处理。数据中的负数值只有-1, -2, -3, -8，可以分别进行操作

1) 检查数据

# 负数值视为有问题的特征，不进行删除
def getres1(row):
    return len([x for x in row.values if type(x)==int and x<0])

def getres2(row):
    return len([x for x in row.values if type(x)==int and x==-1])

def getres3(row):
    return len([x for x in row.values if type(x)==int and x==-2])

def getres4(row):
    return len([x for x in row.values if type(x)==int and x==-3])

def getres5(row):
    return len([x for x in row.values if type(x)==int and x==-8])

# 检查数据，检测每行数据出现负数、-1、-2、-3、-8的次数
data['neg1'] = data[data.columns].apply(lambda row:getres1(row), axis=1)
data.loc[data['neg1']>20,'neg1'] = 20 #平滑处理，最多出现20次

data['neg2'] = data[data.columns].apply(lambda row:getres2(row), axis=1)
data['neg3'] = data[data.columns].apply(lambda row:getres3(row), axis=1)
data['neg4'] = data[data.columns].apply(lambda row:getres4(row), axis=1)
data['neg5'] = data[data.columns].apply(lambda row:getres5(row), axis=1)

2) 填充缺失值

采取将缺失值补全，使用fillna(value)，其中value的数值根据具体的情况来确定。将大部分缺失值信息认为是0，家庭成员认为是1，家庭收入使用平均值66365填充

family_income_mean = data['family_income'].mean()
family_income_mean

66365.63760839798

data['work_status'] = data['work_status'].fillna(0)
data['work_yr'] = data['work_yr'].fillna(0)
data['work_manage'] = data['work_manage'].fillna(0)
data['work_type'] = data['work_type'].fillna(0)

data['edu_yr'] = data['edu_yr'].fillna(0)
data['edu_status'] = data['edu_status'].fillna(0)

data['s_work_type'] = data['s_work_type'].fillna(0)
data['s_work_status'] = data['s_work_status'].fillna(0)
data['s_political'] = data['s_political'].fillna(0)
data['s_hukou'] = data['s_hukou'].fillna(0)
data['s_income'] = data['s_income'].fillna(0)
data['s_birth'] = data['s_birth'].fillna(0)
data['s_edu'] = data['s_edu'].fillna(0)
data['s_work_exper'] = data['s_work_exper'].fillna(0)

data['minor_child'] = data['minor_child'].fillna(0)
data['marital_now'] = data['marital_now'].fillna(0)
data['marital_1st'] = data['marital_1st'].fillna(0)
data['social_neighbor']=data['social_neighbor'].fillna(0)
data['social_friend']=data['social_friend'].fillna(0)
data['hukou_loc']=data['hukou_loc'].fillna(1) #最少为1，表示户口
data['family_income']=data['family_income'].fillna(66365)

data.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 10956 entries, 0 to 10955
Columns: 144 entries, id to neg5
dtypes: datetime64[ns](1), float64(26), int64(114), object(3)
memory usage: 12.0+ MB

对于特殊格式的信息进行另外处理。将“连续”的年龄，进行分层处理，分成6个区间；其次计算出具体的年龄

# 145.survey_time味素 
data['survey_time'] = pd.to_datetime(data['survey_time'], format='%Y-%m-%d', errors='coerce')
#防止时间格式不同的报错
data['survey_time'] = data['survey_time'].dt.year #获取年龄
data['age'] = data['survey_time']-data['birth']
data[['age','survey_time','birth']]

	age	survey_time	birth
0	56	2015	1959
1	23	2015	1992
2	48	2015	1967
3	72	2015	1943
4	21	2015	1994
...	...	...	...
10951	69	2015	1946
10952	38	2015	1977
10953	47	2015	1968
10954	65	2015	1950
10955	74	2015	1941

10956 rows × 3 columns

# 146.对年龄进行分层
bins = [0, 17, 26, 34, 50, 63, 100]
data['age_bin'] = pd.cut(data['age'], bins, labels=[0,1,2,3,4,5])

其他字段的缺失值处理

# 对‘宗教’的处理，特征为负的认为是“不信仰宗教”，并认为“参加宗教活动的频率”从为1，从不参加宗教活动
data.loc[data['religion']<0, 'religion'] = 1
data.loc[data['religion_freq']<0, 'religion_freq'] = 1

# 对‘教育程度’处理
data.loc[data['edu']<0, 'edu'] = 4 #初中
data.loc[data['edu_status']<0,'edu_status'] = 0
data.loc[data['edu_yr']<0,'edu_yr'] = 0

#对‘个人收入’处理
data.loc[data['income']<0,'income'] = 0 #认为无收入

#对‘政治面貌’处理
data.loc[data['political']<0,'political'] = 1 #认为是群众

#对体重处理
data.loc[(data['weight_jin']<=80)&(data['height_cm']>=160),'weight_jin']= data['weight_jin']*2
data.loc[data['weight_jin']<=60,'weight_jin']= data['weight_jin']*2  #个人的想法，哈哈哈，没有60斤的成年人吧

#对身高处理
data.loc[data['height_cm']<150,'height_cm'] = 150 #成年人的实际情况

#对‘健康’处理
data.loc[data['health']<0,'health'] = 4 #认为是比较健康
data.loc[data['health_problem']<0,'health_problem'] = 4

#对‘沮丧’处理
data.loc[data['depression']<0,'depression'] = 4 #一般人都是很少吧

#对‘媒体’处理
data.loc[data['media_1']<0,'media_1'] = 1 #都是从不
data.loc[data['media_2']<0,'media_2'] = 1
data.loc[data['media_3']<0,'media_3'] = 1
data.loc[data['media_4']<0,'media_4'] = 1
data.loc[data['media_5']<0,'media_5'] = 1
data.loc[data['media_6']<0,'media_6'] = 1

#对‘空闲活动’处理
data.loc[data['leisure_1']<0,'leisure_1'] = 1 #都是根据自己的想法
data.loc[data['leisure_2']<0,'leisure_2'] = 5
data.loc[data['leisure_3']<0,'leisure_3'] = 3

使用众数(mode())来实现异常值的修正

data.loc[data['leisure_4']<0,'leisure_4'] = data['leisure_4'].mode() #取众数
data.loc[data['leisure_5']<0,'leisure_5'] = data['leisure_5'].mode()
data.loc[data['leisure_6']<0,'leisure_6'] = data['leisure_6'].mode()
data.loc[data['leisure_7']<0,'leisure_7'] = data['leisure_7'].mode()
data.loc[data['leisure_8']<0,'leisure_8'] = data['leisure_8'].mode()
data.loc[data['leisure_9']<0,'leisure_9'] = data['leisure_9'].mode()
data.loc[data['leisure_10']<0,'leisure_10'] = data['leisure_10'].mode()
data.loc[data['leisure_11']<0,'leisure_11'] = data['leisure_11'].mode()
data.loc[data['leisure_12']<0,'leisure_12'] = data['leisure_12'].mode()
data.loc[data['socialize']<0,'socialize'] = 2 #很少
data.loc[data['relax']<0,'relax'] = 4 #经常
data.loc[data['learn']<0,'learn'] = 1 #从不

#对‘社交’处理
data.loc[data['social_neighbor']<0,'social_neighbor'] = 0
data.loc[data['social_friend']<0,'social_friend'] = 0
data.loc[data['socia_outing']<0,'socia_outing'] = 1
data.loc[data['neighbor_familiarity']<0,'social_neighbor']= 4

#对‘社会公平性’处理
data.loc[data['equity']<0,'equity'] = 4

#对‘社会等级’处理
data.loc[data['class_10_before']<0,'class_10_before'] = 3
data.loc[data['class']<0,'class'] = 5
data.loc[data['class_10_after']<0,'class_10_after'] = 5
data.loc[data['class_14']<0,'class_14'] = 2

#对‘工作情况’处理
data.loc[data['work_status']<0,'work_status'] = 0
data.loc[data['work_yr']<0,'work_yr'] = 0
data.loc[data['work_manage']<0,'work_manage'] = 0
data.loc[data['work_type']<0,'work_type'] = 0

#对‘社会保障’处理
data.loc[data['insur_1']<0,'insur_1'] = 1
data.loc[data['insur_2']<0,'insur_2'] = 1
data.loc[data['insur_3']<0,'insur_3'] = 1
data.loc[data['insur_4']<0,'insur_4'] = 1
data.loc[data['insur_1']==0,'insur_1'] = 0
data.loc[data['insur_2']==0,'insur_2'] = 0
data.loc[data['insur_3']==0,'insur_3'] = 0
data.loc[data['insur_4']==0,'insur_4'] = 0

取均值进行缺失值的补全(mean())

#对家庭情况处理
data.loc[data['family_income']<0,'family_income'] = family_income_mean
data.loc[data['family_m']<0,'family_m'] = 2
data.loc[data['family_status']<0,'family_status'] = 3
data.loc[data['house']<0,'house'] = 1
data.loc[data['car']<0,'car'] = 0
data.loc[data['car']==2,'car'] = 0
data.loc[data['son']<0,'son'] = 1
data.loc[data['daughter']<0,'daughter'] = 0
data.loc[data['minor_child']<0,'minor_child'] = 0
#对‘婚姻’处理
data.loc[data['marital_1st']<0,'marital_1st'] = 0
data.loc[data['marital_now']<0,'marital_now'] = 0
#对‘配偶’处理
data.loc[data['s_birth']<0,'s_birth'] = 0
data<