三次样条插值

原理部分参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/xpvincent/archive/2013/01/26/2878092.html

三次样条最终是求出参数a，b，c，d和矩阵A，B。（均由理论推导得出）

clear; clc;
x = 0 : 0.2 : 2;
y = sin(x);
xx = 0 : 0.05 : 2;

n = length(x);
a = y(1 : end - 1);
b = zeros(n - 1, 1);
d = zeros(n - 1, 1);
dx = diff(x);
dy = diff(y);
A = zeros(n);
B = zeros(n, 1);
A(1, 1) = 1;
A(n, n) = 1;
for i = 2 : n - 1
    A(i, i - 1) = dx(i - 1);
    A(i, i) = 2*(dx(i - 1) + dx(i));
    A(i, i + 1) = dx(i);
    B(i) = 6*(dy(i) / dx(i) - dy(i - 1) / dx(i - 1));
end
c = A \ B;
for i = 1 : n - 1
    d(i) = (c(i + 1) - c(i)) / (3 * dx(i));
    b(i) = dy(i) / dx(i) - dx(i)*(2*c(i) + c(i + 1)) / 3;
end
[mm, nn] = size(xx);
yy = zeros(mm, nn);
for i = 1 : mm*nn
    for ii = 1 : n - 1
        if xx(i) >= x(ii) && xx(i) < x(ii + 1)
            j = ii;
            break;
        elseif xx(i) == x(n)
            j = n - 1;
        end
    end
    yy(i) = a(j) + b(j)*(xx(i) - x(j)) + c(j)*(xx(i) - x(j))^2 + d(j)*(xx(i) - x(j))^3;
end

plot(x, y, '-r', xx, yy, 'ob');