mutex
mutex 类是能用于保护共享数据免受从多个线程同时访问的同步原语。
- mtx1.lock() ,mtx1.unlock() 的使用
#include<thread>
#include<mutex>
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
int count = 10 ;
std::mutex mtx1;
std::vector<std::thread>threads;
auto res =[]{
mtx1.lock();
std::cout<<++count<<"count"<<std::endl;
mtx1.unlock();
//unlock();
};
int main(){
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)threads.emplace_back(res);
for(auto &x:threads) x.join();
return 0;
}
try_lock
例子1:
#include <chrono>
#include <mutex>
#include <thread>
#include <iostream> // std::cout
std::chrono::milliseconds interval(100);
std::mutex mutex;
int job_shared = 0; // 两个线程都能修改 'job_shared',
// mutex 将保护此变量
int job_exclusive = 0; // 只有一个线程能修改 'job_exclusive'
// 不需要保护
// 此线程能修改 'job_shared' 和 'job_exclusive'
void job_1()
{
std::this_thread::sleep_for(interval); // 令 'job_2' 持锁
while (true) {
// 尝试锁定 mutex 以修改 'job_shared'
if (mutex.try_lock()) {
std::cout << "job shared (" << job_shared << ")\n";
mutex.unlock();
return;
} else {
// 不能获取锁以修改 'job_shared'
// 但有其他工作可做
++job_exclusive;
std::cout << "job exclusive (" << job_exclusive << ")\n";
std::this_thread::sleep_for(interval);
}
}
}
// 此线程只能修改 'job_shared'
void job_2()
{
mutex.lock();
std::this_thread::sleep_for(5 * interval);
++job_shared;
mutex.unlock();
}
int main()
{
std::thread thread_1(job_1);
std::thread thread_2(job_2);
thread_1.join();
thread_2.join();
}
2 try_lock 第二个例子
下列示例用 std::try_lock 周期地记录并重置运行于分离线程的计数器。
#include <mutex>
#include <vector>
#include <thread>
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <chrono>
int main()
{
int foo_count = 0;
std::mutex foo_count_mutex;
int bar_count = 0;
std::mutex bar_count_mutex;
int overall_count = 0;
bool done = false;
std::mutex done_mutex;
auto increment = [](int &counter, std::mutex &m, const char *desc) {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m);
++counter;
std::cout << desc << ": " << counter << '\n';
lock.unlock();
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
}
};
std::thread increment_foo(increment, std::ref(foo_count),
std::ref(foo_count_mutex), "foo");
std::thread increment_bar(increment, std::ref(bar_count),
std::ref(bar_count_mutex), "bar");
std::thread update_overall([&]() {
done_mutex.lock();
while (!done) {
done_mutex.unlock();
int result = std::try_lock(foo_count_mutex, bar_count_mutex);
if (result == -1) {
overall_count += foo_count + bar_count;
foo_count = 0;
bar_count = 0;
std::cout << "overall: " << overall_count << '\n';
foo_count_mutex.unlock();
bar_count_mutex.unlock();
}
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(2));
done_mutex.lock();
}
done_mutex.unlock();
});
increment_foo.join();
increment_bar.join();
done_mutex.lock();
done = true;
done_mutex.unlock();
update_overall.join();
std::cout << "Done processing\n"
<< "foo: " << foo_count << '\n'
<< "bar: " << bar_count << '\n'
<< "overall: " << overall_count << '\n';
}
注意:
int result = std::try_lock(foo_count_mutex, bar_count_mutex);
尝试锁定每个给定的可锁定 (Lockable) 对象 lock1、 lock2、 ...、 lockn ,通过以从头开始的顺序调用 try_lock 。
若调用 try_lock 失败,则不再进一步调用 try_lock ,并对任何已锁对象调用 unlock ,返回锁定失败对象的 0 底下标。
若调用 try_lock 抛出异常,则在重抛前对任何已锁对象调用 unlock 。
bar: 1
foo: 1
foo: 2
bar: 2
foo: 3
overall: 5
bar: 1
foo: 1
bar: 2
foo: 2
bar: 3
overall: 10
bar: 1
foo: 1
bar: 2
foo: 2
overall: 14
bar: 1
foo: 1
bar: 2
overall: 17
foo: 1
bar: 1
foo: 2
overall: 20
Done processing
foo: 0
bar: 0
overall: 20
defer_lock
#include<iostream>
#include<thread>
#include<mutex>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<condition_variable>
/*defer_lock 防止死锁的demo*/
std::mutex mtx1;
std::mutex mtx2;
void funb()
{
std::cout<<"线程2不获得互斥的1号锁的所有权"<<std::endl;
std::unique_lock<std::mutex>lk1(mtx1,std::defer_lock);
std::cout<<"线程2不获得互斥的2号锁的所有权"<<std::endl;
std::unique_lock<std::mutex>lk2(mtx2,std::defer_lock);
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2000));
std::cout<<"线程2要同时获得1号锁和2号锁的所有权"<<std::endl;
std::lock(lk1,lk2);
std::cout<<"线程2运行"<<std::endl;
}
void funa()
{
//std::unique_lock<std::mutex>lock(mtx,std::defer_lock);
std::cout<<"线程1不获得互斥的1号锁的所有权"<<std::endl;
std::unique_lock<std::mutex>lk1(mtx1,std::defer_lock);
std::cout<<"线程1不获得互斥的2号锁的所有权"<<std::endl;
std::unique_lock<std::mutex>lk2(mtx2,std::defer_lock);
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2000));
std::cout<<"线程1要同时获得1号锁和2号锁的所有权"<<std::endl;
std::lock(lk1,lk2);
std::cout<<"线程1运行......"<<std::endl;
//mtx.unlock();
}
int main()
{
std::thread tha(funa);
std::thread thb(funb);
tha.join();
thb.join();
return 0;
}
结果如下:
线程1不获得互斥的1号锁的所有权
线程1不获得互斥的2号锁的所有权
线程2不获得互斥的1号锁的所有权
线程2不获得互斥的2号锁的所有权
线程1要同时获得1号锁和2号锁的所有权
线程1运行…
线程2要同时获得1号锁和2号锁的所有权
线程2运行
std::lock(lk1,lk2);
std::lock 函数模板,lk1 lk2生存期到了就解除互斥。
lock概念如下:
lock
锁定给定的可锁定 (Lockable) 对象 lock1 、 lock2 、 … 、 lockn ,用免死锁算法避免死锁。
template< class Lockable1, class Lockable2, class… LockableN > void
lock( Lockable1& lock1, Lockable2& lock2, LockableN&… lockn );