glVertexAttribPointer 到底该怎么用？

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-28 07:57:56 发布

love2d

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-28 07:57:56 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/love2d/article/details/51320857

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从一些OPENGL教程中学习到这个函数的一些用法，下面给出一个最简单的绘制三角形的例子：

点击这里查看源代码教程地址： http://www.learnopengl.com/

很久以前创建一个三角形，是可以只用VBO的，现在必须强制要求一个空的VAO，没有VAO就绘制不出来。

create program...

create shader...

complie shader...

attach shader

link program..

delete shader...

 // Set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and attribute pointers
    GLfloat vertices[] = {
        -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // Left  
         0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // Right 
         0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f  // Top   
    };
    GLuint VBO, VAO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    // Bind the Vertex Array Object first, then bind and set vertex buffer(s) and attribute pointer(s).
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); // Note that this is allowed, the call to glVertexAttribPointer registered VBO as the currently bound vertex buffer object so afterwards we can safely unbind

    glBindVertexArray(0); // Unbind VAO (it's always a good thing to unbind any buffer/array to prevent strange bugs)

    // Game loop
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        // Check if any events have been activiated (key pressed, mouse moved etc.) and call corresponding response functions
        glfwPollEvents();

        // Render
        // Clear the colorbuffer
        glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        // Draw our first triangle
        glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
        glBindVertexArray(VAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
        glBindVertexArray(0);

        // Swap the screen buffers
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
    }
    // Properly de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);

嗯，一切都很好，终于绘制出三角形了。

后来我又看了一些别人代码，如cocos2dx 2.x版本的一些代码，发现大概是这么用的：

点击这里查看源码教程地址：http://opengles-book.com/

befor main loop 
  // Store the program object
   userData->programObject = programObject;

   glClearColor ( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f );
	
// main loop
void Draw ( ESContext *esContext )
{
   UserData *userData = esContext->userData;
   GLfloat vVertices[] = {  0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f,
                            -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
                            0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f
                         };

   // Set the viewport
   glViewport ( 0, 0, esContext->width, esContext->height );

   // Clear the color buffer
   glClear ( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT );

   // Use the program object
   glUseProgram ( userData->programObject );

   // Load the vertex data
   glVertexAttribPointer ( 0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, vVertices );
   glEnableVertexAttribArray ( 0 );

   glDrawArrays ( GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3 );
}

天哪，发现对 glVertexAttribPointer 函数的最后一个参数有两种截然不同的用法，到底该相信谁呢？官方文档的解释，貌似也没说清楚这点：

Name
glVertexAttribPointer — define an array of generic vertex attribute data
C Specification
void glVertexAttribPointer(	GLuint index,
 	GLint size,
 	GLenum type,
 	GLboolean normalized,
 	GLsizei stride,
 	const GLvoid * pointer);
 
void glVertexAttribIPointer(	GLuint index,
 	GLint size,
 	GLenum type,
 	GLsizei stride,
 	const GLvoid * pointer);
 
Parameters
index
Specifies the index of the generic vertex attribute to be modified.

size
Specifies the number of components per generic vertex attribute. Must be 1, 2, 3, 4. The initial value is 4.

type
Specifies the data type of each component in the array. The symbolic constants GL_BYTE, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_SHORT, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, GL_INT, and GL_UNSIGNED_INT are accepted by both functions. Additionally GL_HALF_FLOAT, GL_FLOAT, GL_FIXED, GL_INT_2_10_10_10_REV, and GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV are accepted by glVertexAttribPointer. The initial value is GL_FLOAT.

normalized
For glVertexAttribPointer, specifies whether fixed-point data values should be normalized (GL_TRUE) or converted directly as fixed-point values (GL_FALSE) when they are accessed. This parameter is ignored if type is GL_FIXED.

stride
Specifies the byte offset between consecutive generic vertex attributes. If stride is 0, the generic vertex attributes are understood to be tightly packed in the array. The initial value is 0.

pointer
Specifies a pointer to the first generic vertex attribute in the array. If a non-zero buffer is currently bound to the GL_ARRAY_BUFFER target, pointer specifies an offset of into the array in the data store of that buffer. The initial value is 0.

Description
glVertexAttribPointer and glVertexAttribIPointer specify the location and data format of the array of generic vertex attributes at index index to use when rendering. size specifies the number of components per attribute and must be 1, 2, 3 or 4. type specifies the data type of each component, and stride specifies the byte stride from one attribute to the next, allowing vertices and attributes to be packed into a single array or stored in separate arrays.

For glVertexAttribPointer, if normalized is set to GL_TRUE, it indicates that values stored in an integer format are to be mapped to the range [-1,1] (for signed values) or [0,1] (for unsigned values) when they are accessed and converted to floating point. Otherwise, values will be converted to floats directly without normalization.

For glVertexAttribIPointer, only the integer types GL_BYTE, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_SHORT, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, GL_INT, GL_UNSIGNED_INT are accepted. Values are always left as integer values.

If a non-zero named buffer object is bound to the GL_ARRAY_BUFFER target (see glBindBuffer), pointer is treated as a byte offset into the buffer object's data store and the buffer object binding (GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING) is saved as generic vertex attribute array state (GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING) for index index.

Client vertex arrays (a binding of zero to the GL_ARRAY_BUFFER target) are only valid in conjunction with the zero named vertex array object. This is provided for backwards compatibility with OpenGL ES 2.0.

When a generic vertex attribute array is specified, size, type, normalized, stride, and pointer are saved as vertex array state, in addition to the current vertex array buffer object binding.

To enable and disable a generic vertex attribute array, call glEnableVertexAttribArray and glDisableVertexAttribArray with index. If enabled, the generic vertex attribute array is used when glDrawArrays, glDrawArraysInstanced, glDrawElements, glDrawElementsIntanced, or glDrawRangeElements is called.

后来查了一些资料，才发现其实第二种写法是immediate mode，在新版本中已经不支持这种用法了，会报一个GL_INVALID_OPERATION错误。

就像下面一个答案说的，既然参数意义以及发生变化了，为什么不直接换一个函数呢？真搞不懂opengl那群api制定者是怎么想的。