第五十四课：被遗弃的多重继承（下）---狄泰软件学院

一、多重继承的问题三
实例分析1：多重继承问题3

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class BaseA
{
public:
    virtual void funcA()
    {
        cout << "BaseA::funcA()" << endl;
    }
};

class BaseB
{
public:
    virtual void funcB()
    {
        cout << "BaseB::funcB()" << endl;
    }
};

class Derived : public BaseA, public BaseB
{

};

int main()
{
    Derived d;
    BaseA* pa = &d;
    BaseB* pb = &d;
    BaseB* pbe = (BaseB*)pa;    // oops!!
    BaseB* pbc = dynamic_cast<BaseB*>(pa);
    
    cout << "sizeof(d) = " << sizeof(d) << endl;
    
    cout << "Using pa to call funcA()..." << endl;
    
    pa->funcA();
    
    cout << "Using pb to call funcB()..." << endl;
    
    pb->funcB();
    
    cout << "Using pbe to call funcB()..." << endl;
    
    pbe->funcB();
    
    cout << "Using pbc to call funcB()..." << endl;
    
    pbc->funcB();
    
    cout << endl;
    
    cout << "pa = " << pa << endl;
    cout << "pb = " << pb << endl;
    cout << "pbe = " << pbe << endl;
    cout << "pbc = " << pbc << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

sizeof(d) = 16
Using pa to call funcA()...
BaseA::funcA()
Using pb to call funcB()...
BaseB::funcB()
Using pbe to call funcB()...
BaseA::funcA()
Using pbc to call funcB()...
BaseB::funcB()

pa = 0x6ffdf0
pb = 0x6ffdf8
pbe = 0x6ffdf0
pbc = 0x6ffdf8





BaseB* pbe = (BaseB*)pa;    // oops!!
cout << "Using pbe to call funcB()..." << endl;
pbe->funcB();
上述代码按道理应该输出：
Using pbe to call funcB()...
BaseB::funcB()
但实际上输出：
Using pbe to call funcB()...
BaseA::funcA()
原因如下图，
    Derived d;
    BaseA* pa = &d;指向头部
    BaseB* pb = &d;指向脖子
    BaseB* pbe = (BaseB*)pa;虽然是BaseB* pbe，但是还是指向头部
    通过强制类型转换  BaseB* pbc = dynamic_cast<BaseB*>(pa);可以将pbe指向脖子

实例分析2：正确的多继承方式

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Base
{
protected:
    int mi;
public:
    Base(int i)
    {
        mi = i;
    }
    int getI()
    {
        return mi;
    }
    bool equal(Base* obj)
    {
        return (this == obj);
    }
};

class Interface1
{
public:
    virtual void add(int i) = 0;
    virtual void minus(int i) = 0;
};

class Interface2
{
public:
    virtual void multiply(int i) = 0;
    virtual void divide(int i) = 0;
};

class Derived : public Base, public Interface1, public Interface2
{
public:
    Derived(int i) : Base(i)
    {
    }
    void add(int i)
    {
        mi += i;
    }
    void minus(int i)
    {
        mi -= i;
    }
    void multiply(int i)
    {
        mi *= i;
    }
    void divide(int i)
    {
        if( i != 0 )
        {
            mi /= i;
        }
    }
};

int main()
{
    Derived d(100);
    Derived* p = &d;
    Interface1* pInt1 = &d;
    Interface2* pInt2 = &d;
    
    cout << "p->getI() = " << p->getI() << endl;    // 100
    
    pInt1->add(10);
    pInt2->divide(11);
    pInt1->minus(5);
    pInt2->multiply(8);
    
    cout << "p->getI() = " << p->getI() << endl;    // 40
    
    cout << endl;
    
    cout << "pInt1 == p : " << p->equal(dynamic_cast<Base*>(pInt1)) << endl;
    cout << "pInt2 == p : " << p->equal(dynamic_cast<Base*>(pInt2)) << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

p->getI() = 100
p->getI() = 40

pInt1 == p : 1
pInt2 == p : 1

1. 一些有用的工程建议
2. （1）先继承自一个父类，然后实现多个接口
3. （2）父类中提供equal（）成员函数
4. （3）equal（）成员函数用于判断指针是否指向当前对象
5. （4）与多重继承相关的强制类型转换用dynamic_cast完成。