Python 编程训练（3）

• iter()函数

  python中迭代对象的生成。
  示例：(条件求和)

  bonuses=[4, 2, 4, 5]，n=3
  输出：
  calcBonuses(bonuses, n) = 10
  
  bonuses=[4, 2, 4, 5],n=5
  输出：
  calcBonuses(bonuses, n) = 0
  
  Code:
  
  def calcBonuses(bonuses, n):
      it = iter(bonuses)
      res = 0
      try:
          for _ in range(n):
          res += next(it)
      except StopIteration:
          res = 0
      return res

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• yield生成器

  生成费波纳齐数列[0 1 1 2 3 5 …]
  Coding:

  def fibonacciGenerator(n):
  def fib():
      last = (0, 1)
      while True:
          yield last[0]
          last = last[0] + last[1], last[0]
  
  gen = fib()
  return [next(gen) for _ in range(n)]

  参考1

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• raise 函数的使用

  示例：

  输入：team = ["Athos", "Porthos", "Aramis"]
  函数的输出为：
  greetingsGenerator(team) = ["Hello, Athos!",
                          "Hello, Porthos!",
                          "Hello, Aramis!"]

  Codes:

  class Greeter(object):
  def __init__(self, names):
      self.cnt = 0
      self.names = names
  
  def __iter__(self):
      return self
  
  def next(self):
      if self.cnt < len(self.names):
          self.cnt += 1
          return 'Hello, {}!'.format(self.names[self.cnt - 1])
      else:
          raise StopIteration
  
  
  def greetingsGenerator(team):
      return list(Greeter(team))

• raise触发异常

  一个列表中每第n个数判断一下是否能被d整除，若能整除，返回这个数在列表中基于1开始的下标：
  示例：

  Input: 
      purchases = [12, 43, 13, 465, 1, 13], n = 2 and d = 3
  Output:
      superPrize(purchases, n, d) = [4]

  示例代码：

  class Prizes(object):
  def __init__(self, purchases, n, d):
      self.purchases = purchases
      self.n = n
      self.d = d
      self.index = n - 1
  def __iter__(self):
      'Returns itself as an iterator object'
      return self
  
  def next(self):
      while self.index < len(self.purchases):
          temp = self.index
          self.index += self.n
          if self.purchases[self.index - self.n] % self.d == 0: 
              return temp+1
      else:
          raise StopIteration
  
  
  def superPrize(purchases, n, d):
      return list(Prizes(purchases, n, d))

  参考2.

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• eval函数

  给一个函数列表和一个值，返回用此值执行函数列表中的函数后结果的列表。
  示例：

  Input:
      x = 1
      functions = ["math.sin", "math.cos", "lambda x: x * 2", "lambda x: x ** 2"]
  Output:
      tryFunctions(x, functions) = [0.84147, 0.5403, 2, 1]

  代码：

  def tryFunctions(x, functions):
      return map(lambda f:eval(f)(x),functions)

  eval() 函数用来执行一个字符串表达式，并返回表达式的值,主要是eval函数的使用3.

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PEP Style
- Refer:

1 http://www.jb51.net/article/71298.htm

2 http://www.runoob.com/python/python-exceptions.html

3 http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-eval.html