Android 百分比布局(percent-support-lib)的使用及源码详解

百分比布局提供的了两种布局PercentFrameLayout和PercentRelativeLayout，很明显前者继承于FrameLayout，后者继承于RelativeLayout，所以父类的各种属性还是可以使用。百分比布局给我们提供了以下特有的属性：

app:layout_heightPercent
app:layout_widthPercent
app:layout_marginPercent
app:layout_marginTopPercent
app:layout_marginBottomPercent
app:layout_marginLeftPercent
app:layout_marginRightPercent
app:layout_marginStartPercent
app:layout_marginEndPercent

app:layout_aspectRatio

也就是说我们宽高和各种margin都可以用百分比表示

当使用百分比布局时，就没用必要再去指定宽高（layout_width和layout_height），只需要设置layout_widthPercent和layout_heightPercent就可以了。

如果通过百分比获取的宽高太小或者想要更大的话，可以把layout_width和layout_height指定为wrap_content。

layout_aspectRatio代表横纵比，比如想要把宽高比例设置为2:10，以下代码示例

<TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv2"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@id/tv1"
            android:background="#D5AD34"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="aspectRatio:2:10,height:100%"
            android:textColor="@android:color/white"
            app:layout_aspectRatio="20%"
            app:layout_heightPercent="100%" />

app:layout_aspectRatio设置为20%，这个值是宽高的比值，这里就只是指定了app:layout_heightPercent，宽度就很根据这个比值计算出来。

百分比布局的导入

compile 'com.android.support:percent:23.4.0'

PercentFrameLayout使用

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.percent.PercentFrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.lzy.test.MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_gravity="left|top"
        android:background="#53DBB9"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="width:30%,height:50%"
        app:layout_heightPercent="50%"
        app:layout_widthPercent="30%" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_gravity="right|top"
        android:background="#4400ff00"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="width:70%,height:20%"
        app:layout_heightPercent="20%"
        app:layout_widthPercent="70%" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:background="#327217"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="width:70%,height:20%\nmarginTop:20%,marginLeft:30%"
        app:layout_heightPercent="30%"
        app:layout_marginLeftPercent="30%"
        app:layout_marginTopPercent="20%"
        app:layout_widthPercent="70%" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:background="#DF65A2"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="width:100%,height:40%\nmarginTop:50%"
        app:layout_heightPercent="40%"
        app:layout_marginTopPercent="50%"
        app:layout_widthPercent="100%" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_gravity="bottom"
        android:background="#770000ff"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="width:100%,height:10%"
        app:layout_heightPercent="10%"
        app:layout_widthPercent="100%" />
</android.support.percent.PercentFrameLayout>

PercentRelativeLayout

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.lzy.test.Main2Activity">

    <View
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="80dp"
        android:background="#1A807C" />

    <android.support.percent.PercentRelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv1"
            android:background="#B5256D"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="width:60%,height:50%"
            android:textColor="@android:color/white"
            app:layout_heightPercent="50%"
            app:layout_widthPercent="60%" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv2"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@id/tv1"
            android:background="#D5AD34"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="aspectRatio:2:10,height:100%"
            android:textColor="@android:color/white"
            app:layout_aspectRatio="20%"
            app:layout_heightPercent="100%" />

        <android.support.percent.PercentRelativeLayout
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:layout_below="@id/tv1"
            app:layout_heightPercent="50%"
            app:layout_widthPercent="60%">

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="0dp"
                android:background="#4E3ED7"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="width:40%,height:100%"
                android:textColor="@android:color/white"
                app:layout_heightPercent="100%"
                app:layout_widthPercent="40%" />

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="0dp"
                android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
                android:background="#93E684"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="width:60%,height:100%"
                android:textColor="@android:color/white"
                app:layout_heightPercent="100%"
                app:layout_widthPercent="60%" />
        </android.support.percent.PercentRelativeLayout>
    </android.support.percent.PercentRelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>

源码分析

看看PercentFrameLayout的主要源码，其中省略了部分代码

public class PercentFrameLayout extends FrameLayout {
    private final PercentLayoutHelper mHelper = new PercentLayoutHelper(this);

    public PercentFrameLayout(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    @Override
    public LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) {
        return new LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        mHelper.adjustChildren(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        if (mHelper.handleMeasuredStateTooSmall()) {
            super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
        super.onLayout(changed, left, top, right, bottom);
        mHelper.restoreOriginalParams();
    }

    public static class LayoutParams extends FrameLayout.LayoutParams
            implements PercentLayoutHelper.PercentLayoutParams {
        private PercentLayoutHelper.PercentLayoutInfo mPercentLayoutInfo;

        public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {
            super(c, attrs);
            mPercentLayoutInfo = PercentLayoutHelper.getPercentLayoutInfo(c, attrs);
        }

        public LayoutParams(LayoutParams source) {
            this((FrameLayout.LayoutParams) source);
            mPercentLayoutInfo = source.mPercentLayoutInfo;
        }

        @Override
        public PercentLayoutHelper.PercentLayoutInfo getPercentLayoutInfo() {
            if (mPercentLayoutInfo == null) {
                mPercentLayoutInfo = new PercentLayoutHelper.PercentLayoutInfo();
            }

            return mPercentLayoutInfo;
        }

        @Override
        protected void setBaseAttributes(TypedArray a, int widthAttr, int heightAttr) {
            PercentLayoutHelper.fetchWidthAndHeight(this, a, widthAttr, heightAttr);
        }
    }
}

为了获得PercentFrameLayout的子view里面的自定义属性，所以我们重写了generateLayoutParams方法，把它的返回值修改为我们自己定义的LayoutParams，就相当于把原来的LayoutParams包装了一层，在此过程中就可以截取到属性值，找出子view里面的自定义属性，这些自定义属性就是设置的宽高百分比。

这个自定义的LayoutParams是继承于FrameLayout.LayoutParams，同时实现了PercentLayoutHelper.PercentLayoutParams接口

public interface PercentLayoutParams {
        PercentLayoutInfo getPercentLayoutInfo();
    }

这个接口就一个返回PercentLayoutInfo的方法，PercentLayoutInfo类就是存储了各种百分比的信息。

public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {
            super(c, attrs);
            mPercentLayoutInfo = PercentLayoutHelper.getPercentLayoutInfo(c, attrs);
        }

这里显然就是获取attrs里面的各种百分比信息，然后存储在PercentLayoutInfo里面，没什么好说的，点进去看就是各种获取自定义属性的方法，和我们平常的差不多。

下面看看onMeasure方法

 @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        mHelper.adjustChildren(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        if (mHelper.handleMeasuredStateTooSmall()) {
            super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        }
    }

首先是mHelper.adjustChildren(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec)，点进去看看

public void adjustChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {

        int widthHint = View.MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
        int heightHint = View.MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
        for (int i = 0, N = mHost.getChildCount(); i < N; i++) {
            View view = mHost.getChildAt(i);
            ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = view.getLayoutParams();
            
            if (params instanceof PercentLayoutParams) {
                PercentLayoutInfo info =
                        ((PercentLayoutParams) params).getPercentLayoutInfo();
                
                if (info != null) {
                    if (params instanceof ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams) {
                        info.fillMarginLayoutParams(view, (ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams) params,
                                widthHint, heightHint);
                    } else {
                        info.fillLayoutParams(params, widthHint, heightHint);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

首先这里计算出PercentFrameLayout的宽高，通过百分比计算子view宽高当然需要这个PercentFrameLayout的宽高咯，接着遍历里面的所以子view，判断是否是PercentLayoutParams，如果是就可以调用getPercentLayoutInfo方法来获取到PercentLayoutInfo，最后拿着里面的百分比信息去计算出实际的大小，这里有两种方法来计算，一个是有margin和没有margin的，其实都差不多

public void fillLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams params, int widthHint,
                int heightHint) {
            // Preserve the original layout params, so we can restore them after the measure step.
            mPreservedParams.width = params.width;
            mPreservedParams.height = params.height;

            // We assume that width/height set to 0 means that value was unset. This might not
            // necessarily be true, as the user might explicitly set it to 0. However, we use this
            // information only for the aspect ratio. If the user set the aspect ratio attribute,
            // it means they accept or soon discover that it will be disregarded.
            final boolean widthNotSet =
                    (mPreservedParams.mIsWidthComputedFromAspectRatio
                            || mPreservedParams.width == 0) && (widthPercent < 0);
            final boolean heightNotSet =
                    (mPreservedParams.mIsHeightComputedFromAspectRatio
                            || mPreservedParams.height == 0) && (heightPercent < 0);

            if (widthPercent >= 0) {
                params.width = (int) (widthHint * widthPercent);
            }

            if (heightPercent >= 0) {
                params.height = (int) (heightHint * heightPercent);
            }

            if (aspectRatio >= 0) {
                if (widthNotSet) {
                    params.width = (int) (params.height * aspectRatio);
                    // Keep track that we've filled the width based on the height and aspect ratio.
                    mPreservedParams.mIsWidthComputedFromAspectRatio = true;
                }
                if (heightNotSet) {
                    params.height = (int) (params.width / aspectRatio);
                    // Keep track that we've filled the height based on the width and aspect ratio.
                    mPreservedParams.mIsHeightComputedFromAspectRatio = true;
                }
            }
        }

首先是通过mPreservedParams记录了子view原始的宽高，然后判断是否设置了宽高，这个在后面aspectRatio用，接着就是根据百分比计算出宽高了，最后根据设置的横纵比aspectRatio来计算宽高。这样就根据百分比来重新设置了宽高，大功告成了！

好了，这里面就完成了，回到onMeasure方法，这里

 if (mHelper.handleMeasuredStateTooSmall()) {
            super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        }

很显然，就是判断测量的宽高是不是太小，如果太小的话，就会使用wrap_content来重新测量，这里就不具体看了。

 @Override
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
        super.onLayout(changed, left, top, right, bottom);
        mHelper.restoreOriginalParams();
    }

这里调用了一个 mHelper.restoreOriginalParams()方法，作用是恢复原始的参数值，在上面的fillLayoutParams方法中不是把原始的值存储到mPreservedParams中了吗，目的就是在这里用于恢复的，因为在利用百分比计算宽高时已经改变了它原始的值。至于为什么要恢复这个原始的值，具体我也不太清楚，毕竟也是菜鸟一个~~分析就到此完毕了。

其实PercentRelativeLayout源码和PercentFrameLayout基本都差不多，只是其中自定义的LayoutParams是继承于RelativeLayout的LayoutParams，所以你想要实现LinearLayout的百分比布局，也只需要把自定义的LayoutParams继承于LinearLayout的LayoutParams就OK了