ISP-镜头阴影校正(LSC)
概述
介绍
镜头阴影校正(Lens Shading Correction)是为了解决由于lens的光学特性,由于镜头对于光学折射不均匀导致的镜头周围出现阴影的情况。
shading可以细分为luma shading和color shading:
luma shading:
由于Lens的光学特性,Sensor影像区的边缘区域接收的光强比中心小,所造成的中心和四角亮度不一致的现象。镜头本身就是一个凸透镜,由于凸透镜原理,中心的感光必然比周边多。如图所示:
chrom/color shading:
由于各种颜色的波长不同,经过了透镜的折射,折射的角度也不一样,因此会造成color shading的现象,这也是为什么太阳光经过三棱镜可以呈现彩虹的效果。如图所示:
此外,还有CRA的原因会导致shading现象的出现,这里不再赘述,这里推荐《What’s CRA》这篇文章,详细讲述了由于镜头的CRA带来的shading。
影响
luma shading:会造成图像边角偏暗,就是所谓的暗角。
这里写图片描述
color shading:中心和四周颜色不一致,体现出来一般为中心或者四周偏色。如图所示:
这里写图片描述
1 由于通光孔限制,凸透镜原理,中心必然比周边多
2 红光 绿光 蓝光的波长不一样,经过透镜折射之后角度不一样,再就是镜头的CRA和sensor CRA匹配,都会造成衰减
模组是圆形的,因此必然决定了四周的亮度相对于中心的亮度偏低。此时需要通过软件的方式去给四周补偿,从而达到四周的亮度 趋近去中心亮度。但是由于各个场景下的色温不同, 在某个色温下RGB三原色 的透射 能力不同(低色温 R 的透射能力强些,高色温 B 的透射能力强些),从而出现了 四周和 中心颜色有偏差的问题。
校正
lens shading的校正是分别对于bayer的四个通道进行校正,每个通道的校正过程是相对独立的过程。
考虑到芯片设计的成本,因此一般情况下不会存储整幅图像的lut,目前主流的都是存储128*128个点的增益,利用双线性插值的方法计算每个pixel的增益。
算法
由于条件限制,图像仅用于算法验证,不做图像质量评判标准
这里写了一个shading的算法,将图像分为16x16的方块,求取每个交点的增益值,对平面进行四次方拟合,分别计算了luma shading 和 chrom shading,先计算出来一个lut用于存储,校正的世行通过对这个lut进行双线性插值得到每个pixel的值乘以原本像素点。
16x16的分块并非固定,可以对块的大小进行调整,比如中心块偏大,靠近边缘的方块变小,这些都是可以自定义的,本算法由于做演示使用,故不做其他功能。如图所示:
这里写图片描述
code
由于代码量较大,这里分别附上一部分算法
shading lut caculate:
image_r_luma_gain_reshape = reshape(image_r_luma_gain_point, [], 1);
image_gr_luma_gain_reshape = reshape(image_gr_luma_gain_point, [], 1);
image_gb_luma_gain_reshape = reshape(image_gb_luma_gain_point, [], 1);
image_b_luma_gain_reshape = reshape(image_b_luma_gain_point, [], 1);
for i = 1:17
for j = 1:17
x((i-1)*17+j) = i;
y((i-1)*17+j) = j;
end
end
x=x';
y=y';
% scatter3(x,y,image_r_luma_gain_reshape)
% hold on
Z=[ones(length(x),1),x,y,x.^2,x.*y,y.^2,x.^3,x.^2.*y,x.*y.^2,y.^3];
[x y]=meshgrid(1:17,1:17);
A=Z\image_r_luma_gain_reshape;
image_r_luma_gain=A(1)+A(2)*x+A(3)*y+A(4)*x.^2+A(5)*x.*y+A(6)*y.^2+A(7)*x.^3+A(8)*x.^2.*y+A(9)*x.*y.^2+A(10)*y.^3;
A=Z\image_gr_luma_gain_reshape;
image_gr_luma_gain=A(1)+A(2)*x+A(3)*y+A(4)*x.^2+A(5)*x.*y+A(6)*y.^2+A(7)*x.^3+A(8)*x.^2.*y+A(9)*x.*y.^2+A(10)*y.^3;
A=Z\image_gb_luma_gain_reshape;
image_gb_luma_gain=A(1)+A(2)*x+A(3)*y+A(4)*x.^2+A(5)*x.*y+A(6)*y.^2+A(7)*x.^3+A(8)*x.^2.*y+A(9)*x.*y.^2+A(10)*y.^3;
A=Z\image_b_luma_gain_reshape;
image_b_luma_gain=A(1)+A(2)*x+A(3)*y+A(4)*x.^2+A(5)*x.*y+A(6)*y.^2+A(7)*x.^3+A(8)*x.^2.*y+A(9)*x.*y.^2+A(10)*y.^3;
% surf(x,y,image_r_luma_gain)
% hold on
% surf(x,y,image_r_luma_gain_point)
%% calulate lsc chroma gain
for i = 1:side_num+1
for j = 1:side_num+1
image_r_chroma_gain(i,j) = image_r_luma_gain(i,j) - image_r_luma_gain_point(i,j);
image_gr_chroma_gain(i,j) = image_gr_luma_gain(i,j) - image_gr_luma_gain_point(i,j);
image_gb_chroma_gain(i,j) = image_gb_luma_gain(i,j) - image_gb_luma_gain_point(i,j);
image_b_chroma_gain(i,j) = image_b_luma_gain(i,j) - image_b_luma_gain_point(i,j);
end
end
%% caculate lsc result gain
image_r_gain = image_r_luma_gain - image_r_chroma_gain;
image_gr_gain = image_gr_luma_gain - image_gr_chroma_gain;
image_gb_gain = image_gb_luma_gain - image_gb_chroma_gain;
image_b_gain = image_b_luma_gain - image_b_chroma_gain;
function image_gain_lut = lsc_data_gain_interpolation(image_gain, height, width, side_num)
side_y_ori = floor(height/side_num);
side_x_ori = floor(width/side_num);
k = 0;
l = 0;
[gain_height, gain_width] = size(image_gain);
for i = 1:gain_height-1
for j = 1:gain_width-1
data_gain_11 = image_gain(i, j);
data_gain_12 = image_gain(i, j+1);
data_gain_21 = image_gain(i+1, j);
data_gain_22 = image_gain(i+1, j+1);
if(j == gain_width-1 && ((j-1)*side_x + l) ~= width)
side_x = width - (j-1)*side_x_ori;
else
side_x = side_x_ori;
end
if(i == gain_width-1 && ((i-1)*side_y + k) ~= width)
side_y = height - (i-1)*side_y_ori;
else
side_y = side_y_ori;
end
for k = 1:side_y
for l = 1:side_x
label_y1 = 1;
label_x1 = 1;
label_y2 = side_y;
label_x2 = side_x;
image_gain_lut((i-1)*side_y_ori + k, (j-1)*side_x_ori + l) = ...
data_gain_22/(label_x2-label_x1)/(label_y2-label_y1)* ...
(l - label_x1) * (k - label_y1) + ...
data_gain_21/(label_x2-label_x1)/(label_y2-label_y1)* ...
(label_x2 - l) * (k - label_y1) + ...
data_gain_12/(label_x2-label_x1)/(label_y2-label_y1)* ...
(l - label_x1) * (label_y2 - k) + ...
data_gain_11/(label_x2-label_x1)/(label_y2-label_y1)* ...
(label_x2 - l) * (label_y2 - k);
end
end
end
end
end
bilinear interpolation:
image_r_luma_gain_reshape = reshape(image_r_luma_gain_point, [], 1);
image_gr_luma_gain_reshape = reshape(image_gr_luma_gain_point, [], 1);
image_gb_luma_gain_reshape = reshape(image_gb_luma_gain_point, [], 1);
image_b_luma_gain_reshape = reshape(image_b_luma_gain_point, [], 1);
for i = 1:17
for j = 1:17
x((i-1)*17+j) = i;
y((i-1)*17+j) = j;
end
end
x=x';
y=y';
% scatter3(x,y,image_r_luma_gain_reshape)
% hold on
Z=[ones(length(x),1),x,y,x.^2,x.*y,y.^2,x.^3,x.^2.*y,x.*y.^2,y.^3];
[x y]=meshgrid(1:17,1:17);
A=Z\image_r_luma_gain_reshape;
image_r_luma_gain=A(1)+A(2)*x+A(3)*y+A(4)*x.^2+A(5)*x.*y+A(6)*y.^2+A(7)*x.^3+A(8)*x.^2.*y+A(9)*x.*y.^2+A(10)*y.^3;
A=Z\image_gr_luma_gain_reshape;
image_gr_luma_gain=A(1)+A(2)*x+A(3)*y+A(4)*x.^2+A(5)*x.*y+A(6)*y.^2+A(7)*x.^3+A(8)*x.^2.*y+A(9)*x.*y.^2+A(10)*y.^3;
A=Z\image_gb_luma_gain_reshape;
image_gb_luma_gain=A(1)+A(2)*x+A(3)*y+A(4)*x.^2+A(5)*x.*y+A(6)*y.^2+A(7)*x.^3+A(8)*x.^2.*y+A(9)*x.*y.^2+A(10)*y.^3;
A=Z\image_b_luma_gain_reshape;
image_b_luma_gain=A(1)+A(2)*x+A(3)*y+A(4)*x.^2+A(5)*x.*y+A(6)*y.^2+A(7)*x.^3+A(8)*x.^2.*y+A(9)*x.*y.^2+A(10)*y.^3;
% surf(x,y,image_r_luma_gain)
% hold on
% surf(x,y,image_r_luma_gain_point)
%% calulate lsc chroma gain
for i = 1:side_num+1
for j = 1:side_num+1
image_r_chroma_gain(i,j) = image_r_luma_gain(i,j) - image_r_luma_gain_point(i,j);
image_gr_chroma_gain(i,j) = image_gr_luma_gain(i,j) - image_gr_luma_gain_point(i,j);
image_gb_chroma_gain(i,j) = image_gb_luma_gain(i,j) - image_gb_luma_gain_point(i,j);
image_b_chroma_gain(i,j) = image_b_luma_gain(i,j) - image_b_luma_gain_point(i,j);
end
end
%% caculate lsc result gain
image_r_gain = image_r_luma_gain - image_r_chroma_gain;
image_gr_gain = image_gr_luma_gain - image_gr_chroma_gain;
image_gb_gain = image_gb_luma_gain - image_gb_chroma_gain;
image_b_gain = image_b_luma_gain - image_b_chroma_gain;
function image_gain_lut = lsc_data_gain_interpolation(image_gain, height, width, side_num)
side_y_ori = floor(height/side_num);
side_x_ori = floor(width/side_num);
k = 0;
l = 0;
[gain_height, gain_width] = size(image_gain);
for i = 1:gain_height-1
for j = 1:gain_width-1
data_gain_11 = image_gain(i, j);
data_gain_12 = image_gain(i, j+1);
data_gain_21 = image_gain(i+1, j);
data_gain_22 = image_gain(i+1, j+1);
if(j == gain_width-1 && ((j-1)*side_x + l) ~= width)
side_x = width - (j-1)*side_x_ori;
else
side_x = side_x_ori;
end
if(i == gain_width-1 && ((i-1)*side_y + k) ~= width)
side_y = height - (i-1)*side_y_ori;
else
side_y = side_y_ori;
end
for k = 1:side_y
for l = 1:side_x
label_y1 = 1;
label_x1 = 1;
label_y2 = side_y;
label_x2 = side_x;
image_gain_lut((i-1)*side_y_ori + k, (j-1)*side_x_ori + l) = ...
data_gain_22/(label_x2-label_x1)/(label_y2-label_y1)* ...
(l - label_x1) * (k - label_y1) + ...
data_gain_21/(label_x2-label_x1)/(label_y2-label_y1)* ...
(label_x2 - l) * (k - label_y1) + ...
data_gain_12/(label_x2-label_x1)/(label_y2-label_y1)* ...
(l - label_x1) * (label_y2 - k) + ...
data_gain_11/(label_x2-label_x1)/(label_y2-label_y1)* ...
(label_x2 - l) * (label_y2 - k);
end
end
end
end
end
效果展示:
实验条件有限,图片有水波纹,仅用于理解算法
original image:
luma shading
chroma shading
luma shading + chroma shading:
tuning
LSC的tuning一定要把校正图采集好,一般情况下raw图的G通道中心亮度在8bit的70%~80%之间,由于在不同色温情况下是经过插值的,因此需要校正多个光源,一般情况下TL84、D65、A光源下进行校正。将得到的LUT写入RAM中即可
注意:采集的raw图不要有filcker。
LSC强度一般是可调的,由于图像边角的增益会很大,因此在高倍gain下,可以把强度给降低,防止图像边角噪声压不住的情况。
由于各个平台不同,这里不做详细介绍,想到再补充。
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版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「酒杯怎么空了」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 by-sa版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/xiaoyouck/article/details/77206505
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