lua与C++交互

1. 原理

基本原理就是在C++和lua之间维护一个栈，将各自需要的变量和传给对方的变量放入栈中，进行相互调用。

1. VS2017搭建C++和lua的交互环境
   打开 项目属性—VC++ 目录，包含目录、库目录依次添加lua安装目录下的include路径、lua安装目录下的lib路径

2. 打开 项目属性—连接器—输入，在附加依赖项中添加lua安装目录下lib文件夹中的.lib文件

以下测试都是在lua5.1中进行的。

1. C++ 调用lua

lua文件

-- test.lua
print("hello, lua")
 
myStr = "this is a string"
 
myTable =
{
    name = "table",
    id =   111,
}
 
function lua_Add(a, b)
    return a+b
end

C++文件

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
extern "C" {
#include "lua.h"
#include "lualib.h"
#include "lauxlib.h"
}
 
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
    //初始化栈
    lua_State *L = luaL_newstate();
 
    //加载lua相关库
    luaL_openlibs(L);
 
    //加载和执行lua文件
    luaL_dofile(L, "lua/test.lua");
 
    //读取值
    {
        lua_getglobal(L, "myStr");
        string str = lua_tostring(L, -1);
        lua_pop(L, -1);
        cout << "lua myStr is: " << str << endl;
    }
 
    //按照栈的存取
    //读取表方式1
    {
        cout << "---------读取表方式1------------------" << endl;
        lua_getglobal(L, "myTable");
        lua_getfield(L, -1, "name");
        string tableName = lua_tostring(L, -1);
        cout << "lua myTable.name is : " << tableName << endl;
 
        lua_getfield(L, -2, "id");
        int tableId = lua_tonumber(L, -1);
        cout << "lua myTable.id is : " << tableId << endl;
    }
 
    //读取表方式2
    {
        cout << "---------读取表方式2------------------" << endl;
        lua_getglobal(L, "myTable");
        lua_pushstring(L, "name");
        lua_gettable(L, -2);
        string tableName = lua_tostring(L, -1);
        cout << "lua myTable.name is : " << tableName << endl;
 
        lua_pushstring(L, "id");
        lua_gettable(L, -3);
        int tableId = lua_tonumber(L, -1);
        cout << "lua myTable.id is : " << tableId << endl;
    }
 
    //设置表方式1
    {
        cout << "---------设置表方式1------------------" << endl;
        lua_getglobal(L, "myTable");
        lua_pushnumber(L, 1234);
        lua_setfield(L, -2, "id");  //会自动把设置的值出栈，所以现在栈顶是table
 
        lua_getfield(L, -1, "id");
        int tableId = lua_tonumber(L, -1);
        cout << "lua myTable.id is : " << tableId << endl;
    }
 
    //设置表方式2
    {
        cout << "---------设置表方式2------------------" << endl;
        lua_getglobal(L, "myTable");
        lua_pushstring(L, "name");
        lua_pushstring(L, "newName");
        lua_settable(L, -3);      //会自动把设置的值出栈，所以现在栈顶是table
 
        lua_getfield(L, -1, "name");
        string tableName = lua_tostring(L, -1);
        cout << "lua myTable.name is : " << tableName << endl;
    }
 
    //调用lua函数
    {
        lua_getglobal(L, "lua_Add");
        lua_pushnumber(L, 1);
        lua_pushnumber(L, 2);
        lua_pcall(L, 2, 1, 0);       //执行函数，2个参数，1个返回值
        int res = lua_tonumber(L, -1);
        cout << "a + b = " << res << endl;
    }
 
    lua_close(L);
    return 0;
}

2. lua调用C++

2.1 静态调用

Lua

-- test.lua
print("hello, lua")
     
print("cpp_add res is :", cpp_add(1, 2))

C++

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
extern "C" {
#include "lua.h"
#include "lualib.h"
#include "lauxlib.h"
}
 
using namespace std;
 
//c++里的函数
int add(int a, int b)
{
    return a + b;
}
 
//定义标准函数
int cpp_add(lua_State *L)
{
    int a = lua_tonumber(L, -1);
    int b = lua_tonumber(L, -2);
     
    int res = add(a, b);
     
    lua_pushnumber(L, res);
    return 1;
}
 
extern "C" int lua_regist_function(lua_State *L)
{
    lua_register(L, "cpp_add", cpp_add);
    return 1;
}
 
int main()
{
    //初始化栈
    lua_State *L = luaL_newstate();
 
    //加载lua相关库
    luaL_openlibs(L);
 
    //注册函数到lua中
    lua_regist_function(L);
 
    //加载和执行lua文件
    luaL_dofile(L, "lua/test.lua");
 
    lua_close(L);
    return 0;
}

2.2 动态库调用

lua

--require("luaFunctions")
 
-- test.lua
print("hello, lua")
     
print("cpp_add res is :", luaFunctions.cpp_add(1, 2))

C++

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
extern "C" {
#include "lua.h"
#include "lualib.h"
#include "lauxlib.h"
}
 
using namespace std;
 
//c++里的函数
int add(int a, int b)
{
    return a + b;
}
 
//定义标准函数
int cpp_add(lua_State *L)
{
    int a = lua_tonumber(L, -1);
    int b = lua_tonumber(L, -2);
     
    int res = add(a, b);
     
    lua_pushnumber(L, res);
    return 1;
}
 
luaL_reg luaFunctions[] =
{
    { "cpp_add", cpp_add},
 
    { NULL, NULL},
};
 
extern "C" int lua_register_function(lua_State *L)
{
    //luaL_newlib(L, luaFunctions);
    luaL_register(L, "luaFunctions", luaFunctions);   //5.1以后就废除了，会生成全局变量
    return 1;
}
 
int main()
{
    //初始化栈
    lua_State *L = luaL_newstate();
 
    //加载lua相关库
    luaL_openlibs(L);
 
    //注册函数到lua中
    lua_register_function(L);
 
    //加载和执行lua文件
    luaL_dofile(L, "lua/test.lua");
 
    lua_close(L);
    return 0;
}