C#记录四——浅析LINQ

首先定义两个类：武林高手类和功夫类
并且对这两个类重写ToString()方法，让输出更加明确

    /// <summary>
    /// 武林高手
    /// </summary>
    class MartialArtsMaster
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public string Menpai { get; set; }
        public string Kongfu { get; set; }
        public int level { get; set; }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("Id:{0},Name:{1},Age:{2},Menpai:{3},Kongfu:{4},level:{5}", Id, Name, Age, Menpai, Kongfu, level);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 功夫类
    /// </summary>
    class Kongfu
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Power { get; set; }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("Id:{0},Name:{1},Power:{2}", Id, Name, Power);
        }

    }

有了两个类，在创建两个List用来存储一些要用到信息

var masterList = new List<MartialArtsMaster>()
{
    new MartialArtsMaster(){ Id = 1, Name = "黄蓉",    Age = 18, Menpai = "丐帮", Kongfu = "打狗棒法",  level = 9  },
     new MartialArtsMaster(){ Id = 2, Name = "洪七公",  Age = 70, Menpai = "丐帮", Kongfu = "打狗棒法",  level = 10 },
     new MartialArtsMaster(){ Id = 3, Name = "郭靖",    Age = 22, Menpai = "丐帮", Kongfu = "降龙十八掌",level = 10 },
     new MartialArtsMaster(){ Id = 4, Name = "任我行",  Age = 50, Menpai = "明教", Kongfu = "葵花宝典",  level = 1  },
     new MartialArtsMaster(){ Id = 5, Name = "东方不败",Age = 35, Menpai = "明教", Kongfu = "葵花宝典",  level = 10 },
     new MartialArtsMaster(){ Id = 6, Name = "林平之",  Age = 23, Menpai = "华山", Kongfu = "葵花宝典",  level = 7  },
     new MartialArtsMaster(){ Id = 7, Name = "岳不群",  Age = 50, Menpai = "华山", Kongfu = "葵花宝典",  level = 8  },
     new MartialArtsMaster() { Id = 8, Name = "令狐冲", Age = 23, Menpai = "华山", Kongfu = "独孤九剑", level = 10 },
     new MartialArtsMaster() { Id = 9, Name = "梅超风", Age = 23, Menpai = "桃花岛", Kongfu = "九阴真经", level = 8 },
     new MartialArtsMaster() { Id =10, Name = "黄药师", Age = 23, Menpai = "梅花岛", Kongfu = "弹指神通", level = 10 },
     new MartialArtsMaster() { Id = 11, Name = "风清扬", Age = 23, Menpai = "华山", Kongfu = "独孤九剑", level = 10 }
       };

 var kongfuList = new List<Kongfu>()
 {
     new Kongfu(){Id=1, Name="打狗棒法", Power=90},
     new Kongfu(){Id=2, Name="降龙十八掌", Power=95},
     new Kongfu(){Id=3, Name="葵花宝典", Power=100},
     new Kongfu() { Id=  4, Name = "独孤九剑", Power = 100 },
     new Kongfu() { Id = 5, Name = "九阴真经", Power = 100 },
     new Kongfu() { Id = 6, Name = "弹指神通", Power = 100 }
 };

用LINQ进行查询：查询武林高手中，武学级别大于8的人

方法一：使用for循环查询

            var result = new List<MartialArtsMaster>();//定义一个List来存储结果
            foreach (var temp in masterList)
            {
                if (temp.level > 8)
                    result.Add(temp);//把符合要求的加入List中
            }
            foreach(var temp in result)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(temp.ToString());
            }
            Console.WriteLine();

方法二：使用LINQ表达式写法：

    var res = from m in masterList  //from后面设置查询的集合，表示从那个集合做查询，m是集合里面的每个元素
              where m.level > 8     //where后面跟上查询的条件
              select m;             //表示把满足条件的结果集合返回

    var name = from n in masterList
               where n.level > 8
               select n.Name;       //只输出name
    foreach(var temp in res)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(temp.ToString());
    }
    Console.WriteLine();

方法三：使用扩展方法：

    static bool Test1(MartialArtsMaster master)
    {
        if (master.level > 8) return true;
        return false;
    }

    var res1 = masterList.Where(Test1);//Where方法需要传递一个委托，会把masterList中的每个元素传进去进行过滤
    foreach (var temp in res1)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(temp.ToString());
    }

    //因为传进去的委托其实只有一句话，我们可以使用lambda表达式来实现
    var res2 = masterList.Where(m => m.level > 8);
    foreach (var temp in res2)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(temp.ToString());
    }
    Console.WriteLine();

LINQ联合查询，类似于多表查询

表达式写法

    //如果这么写，生成11*6条记录的每一条进行结合
    //就相当于就会把masterList和kongfuList中的每条集合又进行了一次一一组合
    //生成了一个由m in masterList 和 k in kongfuList组成的List resLianHe
    var resLianHe = from m in masterList
                    from k in kongfuList
                    where m.Kongfu == k.Name && k.Power > 90                //加入限定条件，
                    select new { master = m, kongfu = k };
    foreach (var temp in resLianHe)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(temp);//这里会输出66条"武林高手信息，武学信息"这样的信息
    }
    Console.WriteLine();

扩展方法

    //LINQ联合查询，扩展方法写法
    var res3 = masterList.SelectMany(m => kongfuList, (m, k) => new { master = m, kongfu = k }).
        Where(x => x.master.Kongfu == x.kongfu.Name && x.kongfu.Power > 90);
    foreach (var temp in res3)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(temp.ToString());
    }
    Console.WriteLine();

对查询结果进行排序

表达式写法

    var res4 = from m in masterList
               where m.level > 8 && m.Menpai == "丐帮"
               //按照年龄降序，（默认是升序），如果是多个属性，按顺序来
               //如果第一个属性相同，就比较第二个属性
               orderby m.Age descending
               select m;
    foreach(var temp in res4)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(temp);
    }
    Console.WriteLine();

扩展方法

    //var res4Method = masterList.Where(m => m.level > 8 && m.Menpai == "丐帮").OrderBy(m => m.Age);
    //如果按照多个属性进行排列，不能连续性的使用OrderBy，否则会在后面的OrderBy进行重新排序,即之前的排序会乱掉
    //需要使用ThenBy
    var res4Method = masterList.Where(m => m.level > 8 && m.Menpai == "丐帮").OrderBy(m => m.level).ThenBy(m=>m.Age);
    foreach (var temp in res4Method)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(temp);
    }
    Console.WriteLine();

Join on 集合联合

    var res5 = from m in masterList
               join k in kongfuList on m.Kongfu equals k.Name//注意，比较用equals，不能用==
               where k.Power>90
               orderby m.Age
               select new { master = m, kongfu = k };
    foreach (var temp in res5)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(temp);
    }
    Console.WriteLine();

分组查询

把两个集合进行分组

//把两个集合进行分组
var res6 = from k in kongfuList
           join m in masterList on k.Name equals m.Kongfu
           //select new { kongfu = k, master = m };//如果用了into groups就要用组进行操作了
           into groups
           orderby groups.Count() descending
           select new { konfu = k, count = groups.Count() };
foreach (var temp in res6)
{
    Console.WriteLine(temp);
}
Console.WriteLine();

单个集合按照自身字段分组 group by into

var res7 = from m in masterList
            group m by m.Menpai into g//g是自己定义的
            orderby g.Count() descending
            select new { count = g.Count(), key = g.Key };//g.Key表示Key按照哪个属性分得组
foreach (var temp in res7)
{
   Console.WriteLine(temp);
}
Console.WriteLine();

量词操作符

//Any 方法 返回bool类型值，只要有一个满足条件就返回true
bool res8  = masterList.Any(m => m.Menpai == "丐帮");
//All 方法 判断集合里面是否全部满足某一个条件
bool res9 = masterList.All(m => m.Menpai == "丐帮");