《python编程从入门到实践》day39加更

# 昨日知识点回顾

        添加主题、条目

# 今日知识点学习

        19.1.3 编辑条目

                1.URL模式edit——entry

# learning_logs/urls.py
---snip---
    # 用于编辑条目的页面
    path('edit_entry/<int:entry_id>/', views.edit_entry, name='edit_entry'),
]

                2.视图函数edit_entry()

# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect

# 导入所需数据相关联的模型
from .models import Topic, Entry
from .forms import TopicForm, EntryForm

# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    """学习笔记的主页"""
    # 传递两个实参：对象request以及一个可用于创建页面的模版
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/index.html')

def topics(request):
    """显示所有的主题"""
    topics = Topic.objects.order_by('date_added')
    # 定义一个将要发送模版的上下文
    context = {'topics': topics}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/topics.html', context)

def topic(request, topic_id):
    """显示单个主题"及所有的条目"""
    topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)
    entries = topic.entry_set.order_by('-date_added')
    context = {'topic': topic, 'entries': entries}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/topic.html', context)

def new_topic(request):
    """添加新主题"""
    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 未提交数据：创建一个新表单
        form = TopicForm()
    else:
        # POST提交的数据：对数据进行处理
        form = TopicForm(data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return redirect('learning_logs:topics')

    # 显示空表单后指出表单数据无效
    context = {'form': form}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_topic.html', context)

def new_entry(request, topic_id):
    """在特定主题中添加新条目"""
    topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)

    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 未提交数据：创建一个空表单
        form = EntryForm()
    else:
        # POST提交的数据：对数据进行处理
        form = EntryForm(data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            new_entry = form.save(commit=False)
            new_entry.topic = topic
            new_entry.save()
            return redirect('learning_logs:topic', topic_id=topic_id)

    # 显示空表单或支出表单数据无效
    context = {'topic': topic, 'form': form}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_entry.html', context)

def edit_entry(request, entry_id):
    """编辑既有条目"""
    entry = Entry.objects.get(id=entry_id)
    topic = entry.topic
    
    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 初次请求：使用当前条目填充表单
        form =EntryForm(instance=entry)
    else:
        # POST提交的数据：对数据进行处理
        form = EntryForm(instance=entry, data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return redirect('learning_logs:topic', topic_id=topic.id)
        
        context = {'entry': entry, 'topic': topic, 'form': form}
        return render(request, 'learning_logs/edit_entry.html', context)

                3.模版edit_entry                

# edit_entry。html
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block content %}

	<p><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic'  topic.id %}">{{  topic  }}</a></p>

	<p>Edit entry:</p>

	<form action="{% url 'learning_logs:edit_entry'  entry.id  %}" method='post'>
		{% csrf_token %}
		{{  form.as_p  }}
		<button name="submit">Save changes</button>		
	</form>

{% endblock content %}

                4.链接到页面edit_entry

# topic.html
{% extends 'learning_logs/base.html' %}

{% block content %}

	<p>Topic: {{  topic  }}</p>

	<p>Entries:</p>
	<p>
		<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}">Add new entry</a>
	</p>
	<ul>
	{% for entry in entries %}
		<li>
			<p>{{  entry.date_added|date:'M d, Y H:i'  }}</p>
			<p>{{  entry.text|linebreaks  }}</p>
			<p>
				<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:edit_entry' entry.id %}">Edit entry</a>
			</p>
		</li>
	{% empty %}
		<li>There are no entries for this topic yet.</li>
	{% endfor %}
	</ul>

{% endblock content %}

                浏览器输入localhost:8000/topics/2/显示：

 19.2 创建用户账户

        19.2.1 应用程序users

                使用命令startapp创建一个名为users的应用程序

        19.2.2 将users添加到settings.py中

# settings.py
---snip---
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # 我的应用程序
    'learning_logs',
    'users',
---snip---

         19.2.3 包含users的URL

# learning_log/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('users/', include('users.urls')),
    path('', include('learning_logs.urls')),
]

        19.2.4 登录界面 

# learning_log\users\urls.py
"""为应用程序users定义URL模式"""

from django.urls import path, include

app_name = 'users'
urlpatterns = [
    # 包含默认的身份验证URL
    path('', include('django.contrib.auth.urls')),
]

                1.模版login.html

# learning_log\users\templates\registration\login.html
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block content %}

	{% if form.errors %}
	<p>Your username and password didn't match.Please try again.</p>
	{% endif %}

	<p>Edit entry:</p>

	<form method='post' action="{% url 'users:login' %}" >
		{% csrf_token %}
		{{  form.as_p  }}

		<button name="submit">Log in</button>
		<input type="hidden" name="next"
			value="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}" />		
	</form>

{% endblock content %}

                2.链接到登录界面        

# base.html
<p>
	<a href = "{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}">Learning Log</a> -
	<a href = "{% url 'learning_logs:topics' %}">Topics</a> -
	{% if user.is_authenticated %}
		Hello, {{ user.username }}.
	{% else %}
		<a href="{% url 'users:login' %}">Log in </a>
	{% endif %}
</p>

{% block content %}{% endblock content %}

                3.使用登录界面