基于 RISCV 的裸机程序

基于 RISCV 的裸机程序

配置环境

ansen@ansen-virtual-machine:~$ rustc --version
rustc 1.83.0-nightly (9ff5fc4ff 2024-10-03)

ansen@ansen-virtual-machine:~$ qemu-system-riscv64 --version
QEMU emulator version 7.0.0
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers

另外安装：

• rustup target add riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf
• cargo install cargo-binutils
• rustup component add rust-src
• rustup component add llvm-tools-preview

标准 rust 代码

通过 cargo 生成一段标准代码

cargo new hello

src/main.rs 代码

fn main() {
   
    println!("Hello, world!");
}

运行 cargo run 可以看到执行结果：

ansen@ansen-virtual-machine:~/work/src/tmp/hello$ cargo run
   Compiling hello v0.1.0 (/home/ansen/work/src/tmp/hello)
    Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.86s
     Running `target/debug/hello`
Hello, world!

如果在 riscv 上运行，需要编译成 riscv 的指令。通过：

cargo run --target riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf

可以生成可执行代码，但会报错

ansen@ansen-virtual-machine:~/work/src/tmp/hello$ cargo run --target riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf
   Compiling hello v0.1.0 (/home/ansen/work/src/tmp/hello)
error[E0463]: can't find crate for `std`
  |
  = note: the `riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf` target may not support the standard library
  = note: `std` is required by `hello` because it does not declare `#![no_std]`
  = help: consider building the standard library from source with `cargo build -Zbuild-std`

error: cannot find macro `println` in this scope
 --> src/main.rs:2:5
  |
2 |     println!("Hello, world!");
  |     ^^^^^^^

error: `#[panic_handler]` function required, but not found

error: requires `sized` lang_item

For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0463`.
error: could not compile `hello` (bin "hello") due to 4 previous errors

报错的原因是目标平台上没有 rust<