参考文献
[1]Qiu F, Wang J. Chance-Constrained Transmission Switching With Guaranteed Wind Power Utilization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2015, 30(3): 1270–1278.
DOI:10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2346987
原始机会约束
下面是一个典型的机会约束:风电消纳量大于指定比例以及小于可用风电的概率必须大于 1 − ∈ 1-\in 1−∈。
利用SAA转化为MILP约束
上述机会约束可用如下约束代替:
C w t m ∀ m ∈ A C_{wt}^m\ \ \ \forall m \in {\mathop{\rm A}\nolimits} Cwtm ∀m∈A为随机向量 C ~ w t {{{\tilde C}_{wt}}} C~wt的采样样本, z m z_m zm取0或者1分别表示约束 m m m成立或者被松弛。
这种转换就是利用 m m m个样本中有 k k k个样本成立来等效代替概率(当 m m m足够大时,这种等效是合理的,对应的概率即为 k / m ≈ ∈ k/m \ \approx \ \in k/m ≈ ∈),这和SAA的名字也是相符的。
但是这种转换显然会导致得到的MILP问题求解效率较低,实际应用的话需要进一步采用某些算法。
Note that SAA does not guarantee a feasible solution and the feasibility of a solution is probabilistic (i.e., we can only claim that the solution is feasible with a certain probability). Obtaining a feasible solution with a high confidence level requires a sufficiently large number of Monte Carlo samples, which results in a MILP that is difficult to solve. Therefore, efficient solution approaches are necessary to apply SAA in a practical situation.