if-else：if判断语句和执行语句之间相差1个时钟周期吗？并行执行吗？有优先级吗？

一、是否慢一个时钟周期？

1.1 慢一个时钟周期

如果条件判断中的语句的值也是 通过always赋值得到的，那么执行语句要比条件判断慢一拍
即使条件判断中的值是来自组合逻辑always(*),也需要慢一拍

1.1.1 时序逻辑的always

module if_top (
    input   clk,
    input   rst_n,
    input   sel,

    output reg  out1,
    output reg  out2,
    output reg  out3
);
reg [3:0] cnt;
reg out3_flage;

always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)
        cnt <= 4'd0;
    else if(cnt == 4'd10)
        cnt <= 4'd0;
    else    
        cnt <= cnt + 4'd1;
end

always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)
        out3_flage <= 1'd0;
    else if(cnt == 4'd5)
        out3_flage <= 1'd1;
    else    
        out3_flage <= 1'd0;
end

always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)
        out2 <= 1'd0;
    else if(cnt == 4'd5)
        out2 <= 1'd1;
end

always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)
        out3 <= 1'd0;
    else if(out3_flage)
        out3 <= 1'd1;
end
    
endmodule

1.1.2 组合逻辑的always

module if_top (
    input   clk,
    input   rst_n,
    input   [3:0]sel1,

    output reg [2:0] out1
);
reg [4:0] reg1;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)
        out1 <= 3'd0;
    else if(reg1 == 3'd3)
        out1 <= 3'd3;
    else    
        out1 <= 3'd0;

end

always @(*) begin
    case(sel1)
        4'd5: reg1 <= 3'd1;
        4'd6: reg1 <= 3'd2;
        4'd7: reg1 <= 3'd3;
        default:reg1 <= 3'd0;
    endcase
end
   
endmodule

1.2 不需要慢一个时钟周期

当if的条件条件语句不是通过always赋值得到的，那么执行语句就不需要比判断语句慢一个时钟周期

module if_top (
    input   clk,
    input   rst_n,
    input   in1,
    input   sel,

    output reg  out1
);

always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)
        out1 <= 1'd0;
    else if(sel)
        out1 <= in1;
end
    
endmodule

二、并行执行吗？

设计文件中，各个always模块直接是并行执行的

但是always内部是否是并行的，组合逻辑和时序逻辑的情况是不同的

2.1 组合逻辑

always内部顺序执行

always @(*) begin
    case(cnt)
        4'd5: out3 <= 3'd1;
        4'd6: out3 <= 3'd2;
        4'd7: out3 <= 3'd3;
        default:out3 <= 3'd0;
    endcase
end

2.2 时序逻辑

always内部并行执行，并且if-else之间有优先级

module if_top (
    input   clk,
    input   rst_n,
    input   [1:0]sel,

    output reg [2:0] out1,
    output reg [2:0] out2,
    output reg [2:0] out3

);
reg [3:0] cnt;

always @(*) begin
    if(sel == 3'd1)
        out1 = 3'd1;
    else if(sel == 3'd2)
        out1 = 3'd2;
    else if(sel == 3'd3)
        out1 = 3'd3;  
    else
        out1 = 3'd0;  
end

always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)
        cnt <= 4'd0;
    else if(cnt == 4'd10)
        cnt <= 4'd0;
    else    
        cnt <= cnt + 4'd1;
end

always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)
        out2 <= 3'd0;
    else if(cnt == 4'd5)
        out2 <= 3'd1;
    else if(cnt == 4'd6)
        out2 <= 3'd2;
    else if(cnt == 4'd7)
        out2 <= 3'd3;  
    else    
        out2 <= 3'd0;      
end

always @(*) begin
    case(cnt)
        4'd5: out3 <= 3'd1;
        4'd6: out3 <= 3'd2;
        4'd7: out3 <= 3'd3;
        default:out3 <= 3'd0;
    endcase
end
    
endmodule

always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)
        out2 <= 3'd0;
    else if(cnt == 4'd5)
        out2 <= 3'd1;
    else if(cnt == 4'd1)//测试优先级！！！！！！！！！！！
        out2 <= 3'd2;
    else if(cnt == 4'd7)
        out2 <= 3'd3;  
    else    
        out2 <= 3'd0;      
end

三、存在优先级吗？

下面的情况存在优先级

module if_top (
    input   clk,
    input   rst_n,
    input   sel1,
    input   sel2,
    input   sel3,

    output reg [2:0] out1
);

always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)
        out1 <= 3'd0;
    else if(sel1)
        out1 <= 3'd1;
    else if(sel2)
        out1 <= 3'd2;
    else if(sel3)
        out1 <= 3'd3;
    else 
        out1 <= 3'd0;
end
endmodule