二叉树前序遍历---leetcode 144题

解法1：递归法：

递归函数写法三要素：

1、确定递归函数的参数和返回值；

2、确定递归的终止条件；

3、确定单层递归的逻辑。 

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    void traversal(TreeNode* cur,vector<int>& v){
        if(cur == NULL) return;
        v.push_back(cur->val);
        traversal(cur->left,v);
        traversal(cur->right,v);
    }
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<int> result;
        traversal(root, result);
        return result;
    }
};

解法2：迭代法

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        stack<TreeNode*> st;
        vector<int> v;
        if(root == NULL) return v;
        st.push(root);
        while(!st.empty()){
            TreeNode* node = st.top();
            st.pop();
            v.push_back(node->val);
            if(node->right) st.push(node->right);
            if(node->left) st.push(node->left);
        }
        return v;
    }
};

解法3

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<int> result;
        stack<TreeNode*> st;
        if (root != NULL) st.push(root);
        while(!st.empty()) {
            TreeNode* node = st.top();
            if(node != NULL) {
                st.pop();
                if(node->right) st.push(node->right);
                if(node->left) st.push(node->left);
                st.push(node);
                st.push(NULL);
            }else{
                st.pop();
                node = st.top();
                st.pop();
                result.push_back(node->val);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
};