I2C
工作原理
I2C总线是由Philips公司开发的一种简单、双向二线制同步串行总线。它只需要两根线即可在连接于总线上的器件之间传送信息。
SDA(串行数据线)和SCL(串行时钟线)都是双向I/O线,接口电路为开漏输出。需通过上拉电阻接电源VCC。当总线空闲时,两根线都是高电平,连接总线的外同器件都是CMOS器件,输出级也是开漏电路。在总线上消耗的电流很小,因此,总线上扩展的器件数量主要由电容负载来决定,因为每个器件的总线接口都有一定的等效电容。而线路中电容会影响总线传输速度。当电容过大时,有可能造成传输错误。所以,其负载能力为400pF,因此可以估算出总线允许长度和所接器件数量。
主器件用于启动总线传送数据,并产生时钟以开放传送的器件,此时任何被寻址的器件均被认为是从器件。在总线上主和从、发和收的关系不是恒定的,而取决于此时数据传送方向。如果主机要发送数据给从器件,则主机首先寻址从器件,然后主动发送数据至从器件,最后由主机终止数据传送;如果主机要接收从器件的数据,首先由主器件寻址从器件。然后主机接收从器件发送的数据,最后由主机终止接收过程。在这种情况下。主机负责产生定时时钟和终止数据传送。
软件I2C
软件I2C一般是使用GPIO管脚,用软件控制SCL,SDA线输出高低电平,模拟I2C协议的时序。
硬件I2C
硬件I2C对应芯片上的I2C外设,有相应I2C驱动电路,其所使用的I2C管脚也是专用的,因而效率要远高于软件模拟的I2C,一般也较为稳定。
代码实现
CubeMX配置对应引脚以及串口
代码
官网代码下载:AHT20芯片代码
main.c:
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* <h2><center>© Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.</center></h2>
*
* This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
* the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
* opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "dma.h"
#include "i2c.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include<stdio.h>
#include "AHT20-21_DEMO_V1_3.h"
void SystemClock_Config(void);
int fputc(int ch,FILE *f)
{
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&ch,1,0xFFFF);
//等待发送结束
while(__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&huart1,UART_FLAG_TC)!=SET){
}
return ch;
}
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
uint32_t CT_data[2]={0,0};
volatile int c1,t1;
Delay_1ms(500);
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_DMA_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
//初始化AHT20
AHT20_Init();
Delay_1ms(500);
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
AHT20_Read_CTdata(CT_data); //不经过CRC校验,直接读取AHT20的温度和湿度数据 推荐每隔大于1S读一次
//AHT20_Read_CTdata_crc(CT_data); //crc校验后,读取AHT20的温度和湿度数据
c1 = CT_data[0]*1000/1024/1024; //计算得到湿度值c1(放大了10倍)
t1 = CT_data[1]*2000/1024/1024-500;//计算得到温度值t1(放大了10倍)
printf("温度湿度显示");
HAL_Delay(100);
printf("1");
HAL_Delay(100);
printf("2");
HAL_Delay(100);
printf("3");
HAL_Delay(100);
printf("4");
HAL_Delay(100);
printf("5");
HAL_Delay(100);
printf("6");
HAL_Delay(100);
printf("7");
HAL_Delay(100);
printf("8");
HAL_Delay(100);
printf("9");
HAL_Delay(100);
printf("10");
printf("\r\n");
HAL_Delay(1000);
printf("温度:%d%d.%d",t1/100,(t1/10)%10,t1%10);
printf("湿度:%d%d.%d",c1/100,(c1/10)%10,c1%10);
printf("\r\n");
HAL_Delay(1000);
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/