STM32 - HAL库UART串口

1.串口初始化配置

/*******************************************************************************
Function: BSP_UART_Init 
Description: 串口初始化
Input:  instance 串口号
        baudRate: 波特率
Output: 无
Return: 无
*******************************************************************************/
void BSP_UART_Init(USART_TypeDef *instance, uint32_t baudRate)
{
    if (instance == USART1)
    {
        huart1.Instance = USART1;
        huart1.Init.BaudRate = baudRate;
        huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
        huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
        huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
        huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
        huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
        huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
        if (HAL_UART_Init(&s_uart1) != HAL_OK)
        {
            Error_Handler();
        }
    }
    else if (instance == USART2)
    {
        huart2.Instance = USART2;
        huart2.Init.BaudRate = baudRate;
        huart2.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
        huart2.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
        huart2.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
        huart2.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
        huart2.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
        huart2.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
        if (HAL_UART_Init(&s_uart2) != HAL_OK)
        {
            Error_Handler();
        }
    }
    else if (instance == USART3)
    {
        huart3.Instance = USART3;
        huart3.Init.BaudRate = baudRate;
        huart3.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
        huart3.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
        huart3.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
        huart3.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
        huart3.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
        huart3.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
        if (HAL_UART_Init(&s_uart3) != HAL_OK)
        {
            Error_Handler();
        }
    }
}

1.1 外设句柄 xxx_HandleTypeDef

UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
UART_HandleTypeDef huart2;

第一行表示：名为huart1的、类型为UART_HandleTypeDef型的一个结构体

第二行表示：名为huart2的、类型为UART_HandleTypeDef型的一个结构体

1.2 __UART_HandleTypeDef

stm32f1xx_hal_uart.h文件

代码类型___UART_HandleTypeDef,别名UART_HandleTypeDef。

/**
  * @brief  UART handle Structure definition
  */
typedef struct __UART_HandleTypeDef
{
  USART_TypeDef                 *Instance;        /*!< UART registers base address        */
  UART_InitTypeDef              Init;             /*!< UART communication parameters      */
  uint8_t                       *pTxBuffPtr;      /*!< Pointer to UART Tx transfer Buffer */
  uint16_t                      TxXferSize;       /*!< UART Tx Transfer size              */
  __IO uint16_t                 TxXferCount;      /*!< UART Tx Transfer Counter           */
  uint8_t                       *pRxBuffPtr;      /*!< Pointer to UART Rx transfer Buffer */
  uint16_t                      RxXferSize;       /*!< UART Rx Transfer size              */
  __IO uint16_t                 RxXferCount;      /*!< UART Rx Transfer Counter           */
  DMA_HandleTypeDef             *hdmatx;          /*!< UART Tx DMA Handle parameters      */
  DMA_HandleTypeDef             *hdmarx;          /*!< UART Rx DMA Handle parameters      */
  HAL_LockTypeDef               Lock;             /*!< Locking object                     */
  __IO HAL_UART_StateTypeDef    gState;           /*!< UART state information related to global Handle management
                                                       and also related to Tx operations.
                                                       This parameter can be a value of @ref HAL_UART_StateTypeDef */
  __IO HAL_UART_StateTypeDef    RxState;          /*!< UART state information related to Rx operations.
                                                       This parameter can be a value of @ref HAL_UART_StateTypeDef */
  __IO uint32_t                 ErrorCode;        /*!< UART Error code    

huart1.Instance = USART1;这行代码，首先第一点huart1.Instance表示的是结构体huart1中的成员变量Instance。

1.3 Instance成员=USART1

#define USART1              ((USART_TypeDef *)USART1_BASE)

USART1是一个宏。

这个宏是将USART1_BASE（常量）强制转换为USART_TypeDef型结构体指针。

常量强制转化为一个结构体指针，该常量为结构体的起始地址。

USART1_BASE被强制转换为USART_TypeDef的起始地址，内存空间将以USART_TypeDef类型进行构建，首址为USART1_BASE，空间内有成员，按其固有类型顺序依次分配内存空间。

根据HAL库的注释，可以知道Instance指向的也是uart寄存器组的基地址。