【深度学习实战（32）】模型结构之解耦头（de-coupled head）与耦合头（coupled head）

一、传统耦合头局限性

传统的检测模型，如YOLOv3和YOLOv4，使用的是单一的检测头，它同时预测目标类别和框的位置。然而，这种设计存在一些问题。首先，将类别预测和位置预测合并在一个头中，可能导致一个任务的误差对另一个任务的影响。其次，类别预测和位置预测的问题域不同，类别预测是一个多类分类问题，而位置预测是一个回归问题。这意味着它们需要不同的损失函数和网络层。

二、解耦头优势

解耦头的设计解决了上述问题。它将类别预测和位置预测分离开来，分别使用两个独立的网络分支进行处理。其中，类别预测使用一个全连接层来输出各个类别的概率，位置预测使用一系列卷积层来生成边界框的坐标。这样做的好处是可以分别优化类别预测和位置预测的损失函数，并且能够更灵活地设计网络结构和调整超参数。

三、哪些模型使用了解耦头？

1 FCOS

2 YOLOX

3 FastestDet

四 代码示例

耦合头demo

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision.models as models


class CouplingHead(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_classes, num_boxes):
        super(CouplingHead, self).__init__()
        
        self.num_classes = num_classes
        self.num_boxes = num_boxes
        
        # 使用预训练的ResNet18作为基础模型
        self.base_model = models.resnet18(pretrained=True)
        
        # 修改最后一层的输出通道数
        num_ftrs = self.base_model.fc.in_features
        self.base_model.fc = nn.Conv2d(num_ftrs, num_classes + 5 * num_boxes, kernel_size=1)
        
        # 分类分支
        self.classification = nn.Conv2d(num_classes, num_classes, kernel_size=1)
        
        # 回归分支
        self.regression = nn.Conv2d(5 * num_boxes, 5 * num_boxes, kernel_size=1)
        
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.base_model(x)
        
        # 目标类别预测
        classification = self.classification(x[:, :self.num_classes, :, :])
        
        # 目标框回归
        regression = self.regression(x[:, self.num_classes:, :, :])
        
        return classification, regression
 

# 创建耦合头模型
num_classes = 10  # 类别数量
num_boxes = 4  # 每个目标的边界框数量
model = CouplingHead(num_classes, num_boxes)

# 随机生成输入数据
batch_size = 8
input_size = (224, 224)
x = torch.randn(batch_size, 3, *input_size)

# 前向传播
classification, regression = model(x)

# 输出结果
print("分类结果尺寸:", classification.shape)
print("回归结果尺寸:", regression.shape)
 

解耦头demo

import torch.nn as nn
import torch

# 定义解耦头模型
class DecouplingHeader(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_classes=20):
        super(CouplingHeader, self).__init__()
        self.num_classes = num_classes
        
        # 分类模块
        self.classification = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(512, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(256, num_classes, kernel_size=1)
        )
        
        # 回归模块
        self.regression = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(512, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(256, 4, kernel_size=1)
        )
        
    def forward(self, x):
        classification = self.classification(x)
        regression = self.regression(x)
        
        return classification, regression

# 创建ResNet18主干网络
def resnet18():
    model = nn.Sequential(
        nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3, bias=False),
        nn.BatchNorm2d(64),
        nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
        nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1),
        nn.Sequential(
            BasicBlock(64, 64, stride=1),
            BasicBlock(64, 64, stride=1)
        ),
        nn.Sequential(
            BasicBlock(64, 128, stride=2),
            BasicBlock(128, 128, stride=1)
        ),
        nn.Sequential(
            BasicBlock(128, 256, stride=2),
            BasicBlock(256, 256, stride=1)
        ),
        nn.Sequential(
            BasicBlock(256, 512, stride=2),
            BasicBlock(512, 512, stride=1)
        ),
        nn.AvgPool2d(7, stride=1),
        nn.Flatten()
    )
    return model

# 定义BasicBlock模块
class BasicBlock(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, stride=1):
        super(BasicBlock, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False)
        self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False)
        self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
        self.stride = stride
        
    def forward(self, x):
        identity = x
        
        out = self.conv1(x)
        out = self.bn1(out)
        out = self.relu(out)
        
        out = self.conv2(out)
        out = self.bn2(out)
        
        if self.stride != 1:
            identity = self.downsample(x)
        
        out += identity
        out = self.relu(out)
        
        return out

# 创建一个输入样本进行测试
input_sample = torch.randn(1, 3, 224, 224)

# 创建ResNet18主干网络实例
backbone = resnet18()

# 创建解耦头模型实例
header = DecouplingHeader()

# 将输入样本通过主干网络和解耦模型进行前向传播
features = backbone(input_sample)
classification, regression = header(features)

# 打印输出结果的形状
print("Classification output shape:", classification.shape)
print("Regression output shape:", regression.shape)