字符串处理之编程题

处理字符串问题的一些通用方法

例如处理化学分子式
输入的为Fe2(SO4)3 输出的结果是2个Fe，3个S，12个O
H2SO4 2个H,1个H,4个O

using System;
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public static class StrHelper
{
    
    // 返回字符串中存在的指定字符的全部索引
    public static int[] CharIndex(string str, string _char)
    {
        int index = 0;
        List<int> list = new List<int>();
        while ((index = str.IndexOf(_char, index)) != -1)
        {
            list.Add(index);
            index = index + _char.Length;
        }
          
        return list.ToArray();
    }

    // 从一个字符串，获取指定两个不同字符，中间的字符串方法
    public static string[] MidString(string str, string start, string end, bool self = false)
    {
        int[] sIndex = CharIndex(str, start);
        int[] eIndex = CharIndex(str, end);

        //LogArr(eIndex);
        List<string> list = new List<string>();
        for (int i = 0; i < sIndex.Length; i++)
        {
            int a, b;
            if (self)
            {
                a = sIndex[i];
                b = eIndex[i] - a + start.Length;
            }
            else
            {
                a = sIndex[i] + start.Length;
                b = eIndex[i] - a;
            } 

            string temp = str.Substring(a, b);
            list.Add(temp);
            //Debug.Log(temp);
        }
        return list.ToArray();
    }
    // 计算字符串中元素的个数
    public static Dictionary<string, int> EleCalculCount(string[] all, string[] eleStr, int[] multNums)
    {
        Dictionary<string, int> eleDict = new Dictionary<string, int>();
        foreach (string ele in all) eleDict.Add(ele, 0);

        for (int i = 0; i < eleStr.Length; i++)
        {
            string eleSegment = eleStr[i]; // 一段元素字条串
            // 每种元素的情况
            for (int k = 0; k < all.Length; k++)
            {
                string ele = all[k];
                int[] eleIndex = StrHelper.CharIndex(eleSegment, ele);
                if (eleIndex.Length > 0)
                {
                    int[] nums = StrHelper.StrBehindNums(eleSegment, ele);

                    foreach (int num in nums)
                    {
                        if (num == 0) eleDict[ele] += 1 * (multNums[i] == 0 ? 1 : multNums[i]);
                        else eleDict[ele] += num * (multNums[i] == 0 ? 1 : multNums[i]);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return eleDict;
    }

    // 返回指定字符后面的数字
    public static int[] StrBehindNums(string str, string ele)
    {
        int[] eIndex = StrHelper.CharIndex(str, ele);
        //Debug.Log($"---------{ele}:");
        //LogArr(eIndex);
        List<int> nums = new List<int>();
        foreach (int index in eIndex)
        {
            int num = StrHelper.GetBehandNumber(str, ele, index);
            nums.Add(num);
        }
        return nums.ToArray();
    }

    // 找出指定字符串后面的数字
    public static int GetBehandNumber(string str, string ele, int index)
    {
        int num = 0;
        int a = index + ele.Length;

        // 元素在最后面
        if (a == str.Length)
        {
            return num;
        }

        string temp = str.Substring(a);
        // 拼合是数字的char
        string n = "";
        foreach (char c in temp)
        {

            if (!char.IsNumber(c)) break;
            else
            {
                n += c.ToString();
            }
        }
        if (n == "") return num;
        // Debug.Log($"c:{temp}----{n}");
        num = int.Parse(n);

        return num;
    }


    // 打印数组中的元素
    public static void LogArr(Array arr)
    {
        foreach (var a in arr)
        {
            Debug.Log(a.ToString());
        }
    }

    // 字符串是不是数字
    public static bool StrIsNumber(string str)
    {
        bool isNum = true;
        foreach (char a in str)
        {
            if (!char.IsNumber(a)) isNum = false;
        }
        return isNum;
    }
}

  // 处理括号中的元素的情况
        string[] mults = StrHelper.MidString(str,"(",")");
        int[] multNums = StrHelper.StrBehindNums(str,")");
        Dictionary<string,int> eleDict = StrHelper.EleCalculCount(all,mults,multNums);

        // 移除括号内容+后面的数字
        string tempStr = str;
        string[] sMutles = StrHelper.MidString(str,"(",")",true);
        for(int i=0;i<sMutles.Length;i++){
            string sMutlePlus = sMutles[i] + multNums[i];
            tempStr = tempStr.Replace(sMutlePlus,"");
        }

        // 处理括号外的元素的情况
        string[] eles = {tempStr};
        int[] elesNums = {0};
        Dictionary<string,int> eleDict2 = StrHelper.EleCalculCount(all,eles,elesNums);

        // 汇总计算元素个数
        foreach(KeyValuePair<string, int> kvp in eleDict2){
            eleDict[kvp.Key] += kvp.Value;
        }
        
        // 输出结果
        Debug.Log($"str：{str}");
        foreach(string ele in all){
            Debug.Log($"{ele}的个数是：{eleDict[ele]}");
        }