深度学习365天训练营打卡：第G5周： Pix2Pix理论与实践

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已于 2024-09-20 20:47:53 修改

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于 2024-09-13 18:19:06 首次发布

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第G5周： Pix2Pix理论与实践

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🍨 本文為🔗365天深度學習訓練營中的學習紀錄博客
🍖 原作者：K同学啊 | 接輔導、項目定制

📌 本周任务详情：

1. 了解并学习Pix2Pix算法
1. 画出本文代码中Pix2Pix的生成器网络结构（可参考图5）

进阶任务

生成指定手势的图像(下周公布)

一、理论基础

1. Pix2Pix解析

在Pix2Pix中，图像翻译任务可以建模为给定一个输入数据 (x) 和随机噪声 (z)，生成目标图像 (y)，即 (G:{x,z} \rightarrow y)。与传统的CGAN不同的是，在Pix2Pix中判别器的输入是生成图像 (G(x))（或者是目标图像 (y)）和源图像 (x)，而生成器的输入是源图像 (x) 和随机噪声 (z)，如图4所示。

在这里插入图片描述

二、项目介绍

🏡 我的环境：

语言环境：Python3.10.11
编译器：Jupyter Notebook
深度学习框架：Pytorch 2.0.1+cu118
显卡（GPU）：NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060

1.基本流程

该实验现了一个生成对抗网络（CGAN）用于生成手势图像的基本流程。CGAN模型是一种深度学习模型，它通过两个神经网络（生成器和判别器）的对抗训练，生成逼真的手势图像。
首先，导入了相关的Python库，如torch用于深度学习模型的构建，numpy用于数组操作，torchvision提供数据集和图像处理工具。然后，通过设定设备（GPU或CPU）和批量大小为128，确保模型在适当的硬件上运行，并能高效处理数据。

接下来，定义了一个用于数据增强的变换序列，包括图像大小调整、归一化等操作。然后加载数据集，并使用PyTorch的DataLoader模块将其加载为可迭代的数据批次，为训练模型做好准备。

在数据可视化部分，通过定义show_images和show_batch函数，使用matplotlib库展示数据批次中的图像。这些函数使用torchvision.utils中的make_grid将多张图像组合成网格形式，并通过imshow函数显示。这一步对于检查输入数据是否符合预期非常重要，确保数据在进入模型之前是正确的。

接下来，代码定义了生成器和判别器模型。生成器网络接收随机噪声作为输入，并生成与手势相关的图像；而判别器网络则判断输入的图像是来自生成器的伪造图像还是来自真实数据集的真实图像。两个网络通过对抗训练，使生成器能够生成越来越逼真的图像，而判别器能够准确区分真实图像和伪造图像。

训练过程通过定义损失函数和优化器进行。使用交叉熵损失函数来衡量生成器和判别器的性能，分别为它们设定优化器以更新模型参数。训练循环中，生成器首先生成图像，然后判别器对这些图像进行判断。通过反向传播优化两个模型，使生成器生成的图像越来越接近真实图像，而判别器能够更准确地判断图像的真实性。

这个CGAN模型的代码通过加载和处理数据、定义生成器和判别器、以及执行对抗训练，最终实现了手势图像的生成。该代码不仅展示了CGAN的基本工作原理，还通过可视化工具和训练监控手段确保模型训练过程的透明性和可控性。这种生成对抗网络的应用为手势图像的生成提供了一种有效的深度学习方法，展示了CGAN在计算机视觉领域的强大潜力。

2.代码介绍

dataset.py

import glob
import random
import os
import numpy as np

from torch.utils.data import Dataset
from PIL import Image
import torchvision.transforms as transforms

class ImageDataset(Dataset):
    def __init__(self, root, transforms_=None, mode="train"):
        self.transform = transforms.Compose(transforms_)

        self.files = sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(root, mode) + "/*.*"))
        if mode == "train":
            self.files.extend(sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(root, "test") + "/*.*")))

    def __getitem__(self, index):

        img = Image.open(self.files[index % len(self.files)])
        w, h = img.size
        img_A = img.crop((0, 0, w / 2, h))
        img_B = img.crop((w / 2, 0, w, h))

        if np.random.random() < 0.5:
            img_A = Image.fromarray(np.array(img_A)[:, ::-1, :], "RGB")
            img_B = Image.fromarray(np.array(img_B)[:, ::-1, :], "RGB")

        img_A = self.transform(img_A)
        img_B = self.transform(img_B)

        return {"A": img_A, "B": img_B}

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.files)

model.py

import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch


def weights_init_normal(m):
    classname = m.__class__.__name__
    if classname.find("Conv") != -1:
        torch.nn.init.normal_(m.weight.data, 0.0, 0.02)
    elif classname.find("BatchNorm2d") != -1:
        torch.nn.init.normal_(m.weight.data, 1.0, 0.02)
        torch.nn.init.constant_(m.bias.data, 0.0)


##############################
#           U-NET
##############################


class UNetDown(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_size, out_size, normalize=True, dropout=0.0):
        super(UNetDown, self).__init__()
        layers = [nn.Conv2d(in_size, out_size, 4, 2, 1, bias=False)]
        if normalize:
            layers.append(nn.InstanceNorm2d(out_size))
        layers.append(nn.LeakyReLU(0.2))
        if dropout:
            layers.append(nn.Dropout(dropout))
        self.model = nn.Sequential(*layers)

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.model(x)


class UNetUp(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_size, out_size, dropout=0.0):
        super(UNetUp, self).__init__()
        layers = [
            nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_size, out_size, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
            nn.InstanceNorm2d(out_size),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
        ]
        if dropout:
            layers.append(nn.Dropout(dropout))

        self.model = nn.Sequential(*layers)

    def forward(self, x, skip_input):
        x = self.model(x)
        x = torch.cat((x, skip_input), 1)

        return x


class GeneratorUNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels=3, out_channels=3):
        super(GeneratorUNet, self).__init__()

        self.down1 = UNetDown(in_channels, 64, normalize=False)
        self.down2 = UNetDown(64, 128)
        self.down3 = UNetDown(128, 256)
        self.down4 = UNetDown(256, 512, dropout=0.5)
        self.down5 = UNetDown(512, 512, dropout=0.5)
        self.down6 = UNetDown(512, 512, dropout=0.5)
        self.down7 = UNetDown(512, 512, dropout=0.5)
        self.down8 = UNetDown(512, 512, normalize=False, dropout=0.5)

        self.up1 = UNetUp(512, 512, dropout=0.5)
        self.up2 = UNetUp(1024, 512, dropout=0.5)
        self.up3 = UNetUp(1024, 512, dropout=0.5)
        self.up4 = UNetUp(1024, 512, dropout=0.5)
        self.up5 = UNetUp(1024, 256)
        self.up6 = UNetUp(512, 128)
        self.up7 = UNetUp(256, 64)

        self.final = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2),
            nn.ZeroPad2d((1, 0, 1, 0)),
            nn.Conv2d(128, out_channels, 4, padding=1),
            nn.Tanh(),
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        # U-Net generator with skip connections from encoder to decoder
        d1 = self.down1(x)
        d2 = self.down2(d1)
        d3 = self.down3(d2)
        d4 = self.down4(d3)
        d5 = self.down5(d4)
        d6 = self.down6(d5)
        d7 = self.down7(d6)
        d8 = self.down8(d7)
        u1 = self.up1(d8, d7)
        u2 = self.up2(u1, d6)
        u3 = self.up3(u2, d5)
        u4 = self.up4(u3, d4)
        u5 = self.up5(u4, d3)
        u6 = self.up6(u5, d2)
        u7 = self.up7(u6, d1)

        return self.final(u7)


##############################
#        Discriminator
##############################


class Discriminator(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels=3):
        super(Discriminator, self).__init__()

        def discriminator_block(in_filters, out_filters, normalization=True):
            """Returns downsampling layers of each discriminator block"""
            layers = [nn.Conv2d(in_filters, out_filters, 4, stride=2, padding=1)]
            if normalization:
                layers.append(nn.InstanceNorm2d(out_filters))
            layers.append(nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True))
            return layers

        self.model = nn.Sequential(
            *discriminator_block(in_channels * 2, 64, normalization=False),
            *discriminator_block(64, 128),
            *discriminator_block(128, 256),
            *discriminator_block(256, 512),
            nn.ZeroPad2d((1, 0, 1, 0)),
            nn.Conv2d(512, 1, 4, padding=1, bias=False)
        )

    def forward(self, img_A, img_B):
        # Concatenate image and condition image by channels to produce input
        img_input = torch.cat((img_A, img_B), 1)
        return self.model(img_input)

这段代码实现了一个CGAN（条件生成对抗网络）用于生成特定类别的手势图像。通过定义生成器和判别器网络、加载和预处理数据、设置损失函数和优化器，然后在训练过程中交替更新生成器和判别器的参数，最终使生成器能够生成逼真的图像。训练完成后，模型可以被保存，并用于生成新的图像。

pix2pix.py

import argparse
import time
import datetime
import sys

import torchvision.transforms as transforms
from torchvision.utils import save_image
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torch.autograd import Variable

from models import *
from datasets import *

import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--epoch", type=int, default=0, help="epoch to start training from")
parser.add_argument("--n_epochs", type=int, default=100, help="number of epochs of training")
parser.add_argument("--dataset_name", type=str, default="data_facades", help="name of the dataset")
parser.add_argument("--batch_size", type=int, default=1, help="size of the batches")
parser.add_argument("--lr", type=float, default=0.0002, help="adam: learning rate")
parser.add_argument("--b1", type=float, default=0.5, help="adam: decay of first order momentum of gradient")
parser.add_argument("--b2", type=float, default=0.999, help="adam: decay of first order momentum of gradient")
parser.add_argument("--decay_epoch", type=int, default=100, help="epoch from which to start lr decay")
parser.add_argument("--n_cpu", type=int, default=8, help="number of cpu threads to use during batch generation")
parser.add_argument("--img_height", type=int, default=256, help="size of image height")
parser.add_argument("--img_width", type=int, default=256, help="size of image width")
parser.add_argument("--channels", type=int, default=3, help="number of image channels")
parser.add_argument(
    "--sample_interval", type=int, default=500, help="interval between sampling of images from generators"
)
parser.add_argument("--checkpoint_interval", type=int, default=-1, help="interval between model checkpoints")
opt = parser.parse_args()
print(opt)

os.makedirs("images/%s" % opt.dataset_name, exist_ok=True)
os.makedirs("saved_models/%s" % opt.dataset_name, exist_ok=True)

cuda = True if torch.cuda.is_available() else False

# Loss functions
criterion_GAN = torch.nn.MSELoss()
criterion_pixelwise = torch.nn.L1Loss()

# Loss weight of L1 pixel-wise loss between translated image and real image
lambda_pixel = 100

# Calculate output of image discriminator (PatchGAN)
patch = (1, opt.img_height // 2 ** 4, opt.img_width // 2 ** 4)

# Initialize generator and discriminator
generator = GeneratorUNet()
discriminator = Discriminator()

if cuda:
    generator = generator.cuda()
    discriminator = discriminator.cuda()
    criterion_GAN.cuda()
    criterion_pixelwise.cuda()

if opt.epoch != 0:
    # Load pretrained models
    generator.load_state_dict(torch.load("saved_models/%s/generator_%d.pth" % (opt.dataset_name, opt.epoch)))
    discriminator.load_state_dict(torch.load("saved_models/%s/discriminator_%d.pth" % (opt.dataset_name, opt.epoch)))
else:
    # Initialize weights
    generator.apply(weights_init_normal)
    discriminator.apply(weights_init_normal)

# Optimizers
optimizer_G = torch.optim.Adam(generator.parameters(), lr=opt.lr, betas=(opt.b1, opt.b2))
optimizer_D = torch.optim.Adam(discriminator.parameters(), lr=opt.lr, betas=(opt.b1, opt.b2))

# Configure dataloaders
transforms_ = [
    transforms.Resize((opt.img_height, opt.img_width), Image.BICUBIC),
    transforms.ToTensor(),
    transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5)),
]

dataloader = DataLoader(
    ImageDataset("./%s" % opt.dataset_name, transforms_=transforms_),
    batch_size=opt.batch_size,
    shuffle=True,
    num_workers=opt.n_cpu,
)

val_dataloader = DataLoader(
    ImageDataset("./%s" % opt.dataset_name, transforms_=transforms_, mode="val"),
    batch_size=10,
    shuffle=True,
    num_workers=1,
)

# Tensor type
Tensor = torch.cuda.FloatTensor if cuda else torch.FloatTensor


def sample_images(batches_done):
    """Saves a generated sample from the validation set"""
    imgs = next(iter(val_dataloader))
    real_A = Variable(imgs["B"].type(Tensor))
    real_B = Variable(imgs["A"].type(Tensor))
    fake_B = generator(real_A)
    img_sample = torch.cat((real_A.data, fake_B.data, real_B.data), -2)
    save_image(img_sample, "images/%s/%s.png" % (opt.dataset_name, batches_done), nrow=5, normalize=True)


# ----------
#  Training
# ----------

if __name__ == '__main__':
    prev_time = time.time()

    for epoch in range(opt.epoch, opt.n_epochs):
        for i, batch in enumerate(dataloader):

            # Model inputs
            real_A = Variable(batch["B"].type(Tensor))
            real_B = Variable(batch["A"].type(Tensor))

            # Adversarial ground truths
            valid = Variable(Tensor(np.ones((real_A.size(0), *patch))), requires_grad=False)
            fake = Variable(Tensor(np.zeros((real_A.size(0), *patch))), requires_grad=False)

            # ------------------
            #  Train Generators
            # ------------------

            optimizer_G.zero_grad()

            # GAN loss
            fake_B = generator(real_A)
            pred_fake = discriminator(fake_B, real_A)
            loss_GAN = criterion_GAN(pred_fake, valid)
            # Pixel-wise loss
            loss_pixel = criterion_pixelwise(fake_B, real_B)

            # Total loss
            loss_G = loss_GAN + lambda_pixel * loss_pixel

            loss_G.backward()

            optimizer_G.step()

            # ---------------------
            #  Train Discriminator
            # ---------------------

            optimizer_D.zero_grad()

            # Real loss
            pred_real = discriminator(real_B, real_A)
            loss_real = criterion_GAN(pred_real, valid)

            # Fake loss
            pred_fake = discriminator(fake_B.detach(), real_A)
            loss_fake = criterion_GAN(pred_fake, fake)

            # Total loss
            loss_D = 0.5 * (loss_real + loss_fake)

            loss_D.backward()
            optimizer_D.step()

            # --------------
            #  Log Progress
            # --------------

            # Determine approximate time left
            batches_done = epoch * len(dataloader) + i
            batches_left = opt.n_epochs * len(dataloader) - batches_done
            time_left = datetime.timedelta(seconds=batches_left * (time.time() - prev_time))
            prev_time = time.time()

            # Print log
            sys.stdout.write(
                "\r[Epoch %d/%d] [Batch %d/%d] [D loss: %f] [G loss: %f, pixel: %f, adv: %f] ETA: %s"
                % (
                    epoch,
                    opt.n_epochs,
                    i,
                    len(dataloader),
                    loss_D.item(),
                    loss_G.item(),
                    loss_pixel.item(),
                    loss_GAN.item(),
                    time_left,
                )
            )

            # If at sample interval save image
            if batches_done % opt.sample_interval == 0:
                sample_images(batches_done)

        if opt.checkpoint_interval != -1 and epoch % opt.checkpoint_interval == 0:
            # Save model checkpoints
            torch.save(generator.state_dict(), "saved_models/%s/generator_%d.pth" % (opt.dataset_name, epoch))
            torch.save(discriminator.state_dict(), "saved_models/%s/discriminator_%d.pth" % (opt.dataset_name, epoch))