PyTorh深度学习实践——基于Minist手写数字识别

#问题：（参数原因）为什么处理后的图片像素值不在0-1之间而是带有负数的值，（归一化）并且Normalize有什么作用？ (已解决)为什么预测输出值也含有小数且和部分不为1？
import torch
from torchvision import transforms
from torchvision import datasets
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
import torchvision
# prepare dataset

batch_size = 64
transform = torchvision.transforms.Compose([transforms.ToTensor()])  # 归一化,均值和方差

train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./datasets', train=True, download=True, transform=transform)
#print(train_dataset[0])
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, shuffle=False, batch_size=batch_size)
test_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./datasets', train=False, download=True, transform=transform)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset, shuffle=False, batch_size=batch_size)


# design model using class


class Net(torch.nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Net, self).__init__()
        self.l1 = torch.nn.Linear(784, 512)
        self.l2 = torch.nn.Linear(512, 256)
        self.l3 = torch.nn.Linear(256, 128)
        self.l4 = torch.nn.Linear(128, 64)
        self.l5 = torch.nn.Linear(64, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = x.view(-1, 784)
        #print(x[1])
        #print(x[1])
        x = F.relu(self.l1(x))
        #print(x)
        x = F.relu(self.l2(x))
        x = F.relu(self.l3(x))
        x = F.relu(self.l4(x))
        #print(x)
        #print(self.l5(x)[1])
        #input()
        return self.l5(x)


model = Net()

# construct loss and optimizer
criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01, momentum=0.5)


# training cycle forward, backward, update


def train():
    running_loss = 0.0
    for batch_idx, data in enumerate(train_loader, 1):#data[0]=64 #tain_loader = 938
        # Prepare
       # print(data[0])
        #print(data[0].shape)
        #print(data[0])
        #print(data[1].shape)
        #print(train_loader.__len__())
        x, y = data
        #print(data[0].shape,y[1])
        #input()
        # Forward
        #print(x)
        y_pred = model(x)
        '''if batch_idx ==938:
            print(f'predit = {y_pred}')
            print(y)
            input()'''
        loss = criterion(y_pred, y)
        #print(y)
        #input()
        running_loss += loss.item()
        # Backward
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        # Update
        optimizer.step()

        if batch_idx % 300 == 299:
            print(f'epoch {epoch + 1} loss = {running_loss/300}' )
            running_loss = 0.0


def test():
    correct = 0
    total = 0
    with torch.no_grad():
        for data in test_loader:
            images, labels = data
            outputs = model(images)
            _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, dim=1)  # dim = 1 列是第0个维度，行是第1个维度
            total += labels.size(0)
            correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()  # 张量之间的比较运算
    print(f"Accuracy on test set:{100 * correct / total}%")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    for epoch in range(10):
        train()
        test()