下载或者导入wave数据集，分别使用线性回归中的正规方程和梯度下降法生成wave回归模型，分析两种求解方法结果，绘制出该模型的预测结果，并保存模型。

目录

代码：

正规方程：

梯度下降

运行结果：

正规方程

梯度下降

---

代码：

正规方程：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.datasets import make_regression
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
import mglearn

x, y = mglearn.datasets.make_wave()
print(x)
print(y)

x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test=train_test_split(x,y,random_state=1,test_size=0.2)

transfer=StandardScaler()
x_train=transfer.fit_transform(x_train)
x_test=transfer.fit_transform(x_test)
estimator=LinearRegression()
estimator.fit(x_train,y_train)

print("模型中的系数为：\n",estimator.coef_) #模型中的系数
print("模型的偏置为：\n",estimator.intercept_)

from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
y_pred=estimator.predict(x_test)
mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred)
print(f'均方误差：{mse}')

plt.scatter(x_test, y_test, color='blue', label='测试数据')
plt.plot(x_test, y_pred, color='red', linewidth=3, label='线性回归模型')
plt.xlabel('X')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

梯度下降

import mglearn
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.linear_model import SGDRegressor
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
X,y=mglearn.datasets.make_wave()
X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test=train_test_split(x,y,random_state=1,train_size=0.2)
sgd_reg = SGDRegressor(max_iter=1000, tol=1e-3, eta0=0.01, random_state=1)#eta0 设置学习率，max_iter设置迭代次数
scaler = StandardScaler()
X_train_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test_scaled = scaler.transform(X_test)
sgd_reg.fit(X_train_scaled, y_train)
# 打印模型的参数  coef与intercept分别代表的意思是斜率与截距
print("Coefficients:", sgd_reg.coef_)
print("Intercept:", sgd_reg.intercept_)
# X_values = np.linspace(X.min(), X.max(), 100).reshape(-1, 1)
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
plt.scatter(X_train, y_train, marker='o', label='Training data')
plt.scatter(X_test, y_test, marker='x', color='red', label='Test data')
plt.plot(X, sgd_reg.predict(scaler.transform(X)), color='green', label='Model')
plt.xlabel('Feature')
plt.ylabel('Target')
plt.show()

运行结果：

正规方程

梯度下降