【嵌入式应用开发基础之UDP编程】

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已于 2023-07-09 16:59:03 修改

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文章标签： udp 网络协议网络

于 2023-06-07 12:43:49 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_62328241/article/details/131083500

版权

该文展示了两个C语言程序，分别是一个UDP服务器(server.c)和客户端(client.c)的实现。服务器通过bind和recvfrom接收来自客户端的数据，客户端使用sendto发送数据到服务器。代码示例说明了在UDP通信中，服务器如何获取客户端的IP地址，以及客户端可以使用connect+send或直接使用sendto进行数据传输。

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韦东山嵌入式应用开发基础-UDP

代码

server.c

//server.c
#include <sys/types.h>			/* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <signal.h>


/*	socket
 *	bind
 *	sendto/recvfrom
 */

#define SERVER_PORT 8888
#define BACKLOG  	10

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	int iSocketServer;
	struct sockaddr_in tSocketServerAddr;
	struct sockaddr_in tSocketClientAddr;
	int iSocketClient;
	int iRet;
	int iAddrLen;
	
	int iRecvLen;
	unsigned char ucRecvBuf[1000];

	int iClientNum = -1;

	
	iSocketServer = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (iSocketServer == -1)
	{
		printf("socket error!\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	tSocketServerAddr.sin_family 		= AF_INET;
	tSocketServerAddr.sin_port 			= htons(SERVER_PORT); /* host to net, short*/
	tSocketServerAddr.sin_addr.s_addr 	= INADDR_ANY;
	memset(tSocketServerAddr.sin_zero, 0, 8);
		
	iRet = bind(iSocketServer, (const struct sockaddr *)&tSocketServerAddr,
					sizeof(struct sockaddr));
	if (iRet == -1)
	{
		printf("bind error\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	
	while (1)
	{
		iAddrLen = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
		/*接收客户端发来的数据并显示*/

		#if 0
		iRecvLen = recvfrom(iSocketServer, ucRecvBuf, 999, 0,
								(struct sockaddr *)&tSocketClientAddr, &iAddrLen);
		if (iRecvLen > 0)
		{
			ucRecvBuf[iRecvLen] = '\0';
			printf("Get Msg from %s : %s", inet_ntoa(tSocketClientAddr.sin_addr), ucRecvBuf);
		}
		#else
		iRecvLen = recvfrom(iSocketServer, ucRecvBuf, 999, 0,
								NULL, NULL);
		if (iRecvLen > 0)
		{
			ucRecvBuf[iRecvLen] = '\0';
			printf("Get Msg : %s", ucRecvBuf);
		}
		#endif

	}
	close(iSocketServer);
	return 0;
}

client.c

#include <sys/types.h>			/* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#include <stdio.h>

/*
 socket
 connect 
 send/recv
*/

#define SERVER_PORT 8888

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	int iSocketClient;
	
	struct sockaddr_in tSocketServerAddr;
	struct sockaddr_in tSocketClientAddr;
	
	int iRet;
	unsigned char ucSendBuf[1000];
	int iSendLen;
	
	if (argc != 2)
	{
		printf("Usage: %s <server_ip>\n", argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}
	
	iSocketClient = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (iSocketClient == -1)
	{
		printf("socket error!\n");
		return -1;
	}

	tSocketServerAddr.sin_family 		= AF_INET;
	tSocketServerAddr.sin_port 			= htons(SERVER_PORT); /* host to net, short*/
	//tSocketServerAddr.sin_addr.s_addr 	= INADDR_ANY;
	
	if (0 == inet_aton(argv[1],&tSocketServerAddr.sin_addr))
	{
		printf("invalid server ip\n");
		return -1;
	}
	memset(tSocketServerAddr.sin_zero, 0, 8);
#if 0
	/*并不会真正连接，只是把ip以及端口信息与文件句柄连接在一起*/
	iRet = connect(iSocketClient, (const struct sockaddr *)&tSocketServerAddr,
				sizeof(struct sockaddr));
	if (-1 == iRet)
	{
		printf("connect error!\n");
		return -1;
	}

	while(1)
	{
		if (fgets(ucSendBuf, 999, stdin))
		{
			iSendLen = send(iSocketClient, ucSendBuf, strlen(ucSendBuf), 0);
			if (iSendLen <= 0)
			{
				close(iSocketClient);
				return -1;
			}
		}
	}
#else

	while(1)
	{
		if (fgets(ucSendBuf, 999, stdin))
		{
			iSendLen = sendto(iSocketClient, ucSendBuf, strlen(ucSendBuf), 0,
							 (const struct sockaddr *)&tSocketServerAddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr));

			if (iSendLen <= 0)
			{
				close(iSocketClient);
				return -1;
			}
		}
	}
#endif
	return 0;
}

Note

创建socket时传入SOCK_DGRAM，表示UDP
server端
对于TCP：server中需要使用listen和accept，client使用connect提前建立连接，然后采用send/recv收发数据
对于UDP：server使用recvfrom()，多了struct sockaddr *src_addr, socklen_t *addrlen两个参数，可传可不传，有以下两种情况：

	#if 0 	//传入
	iRecvLen = recvfrom(iSocketServer, ucRecvBuf, 999, 0,
							(struct sockaddr *)&tSocketClientAddr, &iAddrLen);
	if (iRecvLen > 0)
	{
		ucRecvBuf[iRecvLen] = '\0';
		printf("Get Msg from %s : %s", inet_ntoa(tSocketClientAddr.sin_addr), ucRecvBuf);
	}
	#else	//不传入
	iRecvLen = recvfrom(iSocketServer, ucRecvBuf, 999, 0,
							NULL, NULL);
	if (iRecvLen > 0)
	{
		ucRecvBuf[iRecvLen] = '\0';
		printf("Get Msg : %s", ucRecvBuf);
	}
	#endif

传入时可以知道信息来自于哪个客户端，不传入表示不关心信息来自于哪里。
3. client端
有以下两种情况，可以使用connect+send或只使用sendto函数

#if 0	//connect() + send()
	/*并不会真正连接，只是把ip以及端口信息与文件句柄连接在一起*/
	iRet = connect(iSocketClient, (const struct sockaddr *)&tSocketServerAddr,
				sizeof(struct sockaddr));
	if (-1 == iRet)
	{
		printf("connect error!\n");
		return -1;
	}

	while(1)
	{
		if (fgets(ucSendBuf, 999, stdin))
		{
			iSendLen = send(iSocketClient, ucSendBuf, strlen(ucSendBuf), 0);
			if (iSendLen <= 0)
			{
				close(iSocketClient);
				return -1;
			}
		}
	}
#else 	//只使用sendto()函数
	while(1)
	{
		if (fgets(ucSendBuf, 999, stdin))
		{
			iSendLen = sendto(iSocketClient, ucSendBuf, strlen(ucSendBuf), 0,
							 (const struct sockaddr *)&tSocketServerAddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr));

			if (iSendLen <= 0)
			{
				close(iSocketClient);
				return -1;
			}
		}
	}
#endif