题目:
实验拓扑结构及ip划分:
思路:
r2和r3为ASBR,左边使用的rip协议,右边使用的是ospf协议,r2的环回是rip协议,r3的环回是ospf协议,r7的环回在外。
需要修改r3的环回的工作方式为broadcast,配置完rip和ospf后需要先将r7的环回先重发布,再对ASBR路由进行多点双向重发布
路由3上面需要进行策略
实验步骤:
1.配环回接口及各接口ip
[r1]int loo0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24
[r1-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 13.1.1.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.1 24
[r2]int loo0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 24
[r2-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 24.1.1.1 24
[r3]int loo0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 24
[r3-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 13.1.1.2 24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.1.1.1 24
[r4]int loo0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 24
[r4-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 24.1.1.2 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 34.1.1.2 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 45.1.1.1 24
[r5]int loo0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24
[r5-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 45.1.1.2 24
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 56.1.1.1 24
[r6]int loo0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 6.6.6.6 24
[r6-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 56.1.1.2 24
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 67.1.1.1 24
[r7]int loo0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip add 7.7.7.7 24
[r7-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 67.1.1.2 24
2.启动RIP和OSPF协议
[r1]rip 1
[r1-rip-1]ver 2
[r1-rip-1]undo summary
[r1-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0
[r1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[r1-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0
[r2]rip 1
[r2-rip-1]ver 2
[r2-rip-1]undo summary
[r2-rip-1]network 2.0.0.0
[r2-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[r2-rip-1]q
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 24.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r3]rip 1
[r3-rip-1]ver 2
[r3-rip-1]undo summary
[r3-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0
[r3-rip-1]q
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-1]area 0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 24.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 45.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]area 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 45.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 56.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]area 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 56.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 67.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 67.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
# 不宣告r7的环回,因为题目告知r7的环回不在OSPF区域中,需要后期重发布进来
3.重发布
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]import-route direct
[r2]rip 1
[r2-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
[r2-rip-1]q
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip
[r3]rip 1
[r3-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
[r3-rip-1]q
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip
注意:此时出现环路,r7的路由重发布到r3时,RIP的优先级为100,OSPF的优先级为150,导致r3只学习RIP的路由。所有产生了环路。现需要将左边RIP的学习到r7环回的优先级改为151,比右边优先级大,选路时不会选择左边,从而解决了环路问题。
[r3]ip ip-prefix a permit 7.7.7.0 24
[r3]route-policy a permit node 10
[r3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix a
[r3-route-policy]apply preference 151
[r3-route-policy]q
[r3]rip 1
[r3-rip-1]preference route-policy a
[r2]ip ip-prefix a permit 7.7.7.0 24
[r2]route-policy a permit node 10
[r2-route-policy]apply preference 151
[r2-route-policy]q
[r2]rip 1
[r2-rip-1]preference route-policy a
4.更改接口类型
[r3]int loo0
# 更改接口工作方式为broadcast实现负载均衡
[r3-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
5.选路更佳
RIP 度量修改偏移列表。R3-R4网段传给R1时,走R4-R2-R1网段时,度量加1;同理,R2-R4网段传给R1时,走R4-R3-R1时,度量加1.R1到R4\R5\R6\R7本身是负载均衡的,在R2给R1发路由的时候做
[r2]ip ip-prefix b permit 3.3.3.0 24
[r2]ip ip-prefix b permit 34.1.1.0 24
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout ip-prefix b 2 # 度量加2
[r3]ip ip-prefix b permit 24.1.1.0 24
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout ip-prefix b 2
注意:R1到R2,走是12.1.1.0网段,R1走R3走的是13.1.1.0网段,R1走R4\R5\R6\R7是负载均衡(走2条路)。RIP到OSPF选路更佳已经完成了。发现R4到R1选路佳,但是,R4到R2环回不应负载均衡,R4到12.1.1.0网段和13.1.1.0网段不应负载均衡。R2 R3给路由R1的时候,修改度量,改成类型1
[r2]ip ip-prefix c permit 2.2.2.0 24
[r2]ip ip-prefix c permit 12.1.1.0 24
[r2]route-policy c permit node 10
[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix c
[r2-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1
[r2]q
[r2]route-policy c permit node 20
[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy c # 重发布RIP时调用策略
同理,R3把13.1.10网段传给R4的时候,类型改为1
[r3]ip ip-prefix c permit 13.1.1.0 24
[r3]route-policy c permit node 10
[r3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix c
[r3-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1
[r3-route-policy]q
[r3]route-policy c permit node 20
[r3-route-policy]q
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy c