句子成分
主,谓,宾,定,状,补,表,同
主要成分:主语和谓语
主语
句子的主体,谓语动词的动作发出者
谓语
主语发出的动作,只有动词能做谓语
Tom speaks English
主语
谓语说明的对象,位于句首。由名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,主语从句等表示。
The apple is my favorite fruit.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
Smoking is bad for our health.(非谓语doing to do)
谓语
谓语是一个句子最重要最核心的成分,就像一个人的心脏一样。句子一般只能有一个谓语。
注意:只有动词才能做谓语
1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
He runs every morning.
She like2.s pop music.
2.复合谓语:情态动词/助动词+实义助词
情态动词或其他助动词do/does/did +动词原形
He can speak Chinese
He doesn`t like staying at home on weekends
be +现在分词doing/过去分词(V-ed)done
I am having English class now.
have/has/had + 过去分词 done
I have finished the homework
宾语
句子中是动作行为的承受者。一般位于及物动词和介词后面
I love rock music
He can play the piano
定语
对名词或代词起修饰,限定作用的词,短语或句子。常用“......的”表示
She is a beautiful girl.
She gave me a red pen.
状语
状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词。
状语一般由副词,介词短语,分词和分词短语,不定式来担当。一般在句末,也可能在句首或句中。
He has lived in the city for ten years (介词短语)
There was an old tree in front of the building two weeks ago.
My friends dislike me because I am handsome and successful.
表语
表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。放在系动词之后(主-系-表)
表语一般由名词,代词,形容词,不定式,动名词,介词短语,副词及表语从句表示
I am a teacher.
I feel happy today
主-系-表 | 系动词+(adj) |
be | am,is,are,was,were是 |
感官类 | look/sound/smell/taste/feel |
变化类 | get,become,turn |
保持类 | remain,keep,stay |
似乎 | seem,appear |
基本句式
英语句子有长有短,有简有繁,根据句子成分结构总结出5种基本句式,或者2大句式。
五种基本句式
- 主 谓
- 主 系 表
- 主 谓 宾
- 主 谓 双 宾
- 主 谓 宾 宾补
两大句式
- 主 谓
- 主 系 表
主 谓
谓语为不及物动词(vi.),不用加宾语意思就完整。
Time files.(fly)
My car broke down.(break down)
Great changes took place.(take place)
The sun rose.(rise)
主 谓 宾
谓语为及物动词vt.,必须加宾语意思完整
We love our country.
Daniel likes Asian culture
Now I will introduce myself.
She always helps me.
主 系 表
主语+系动词+表语
“系”实际上是“谓”的一种情况
系动词(be动词(是);五种感官动词 look feel sound)
表语:通常由名词和形容词充当。
Everything looks different.
His face turned red.
She is a teacher/nice
注意:
由be动词的句子不一定是注意表结构:
be动词还可以作助动词+实义动词的其他形式
He was doing housework. 助动词 + doing
He is sleeping. 助动词 + doing
Many trees are planted on the hill 助动词 + V-ed
He is kind. 主-系-表
主 谓 双宾
谓语为及物动词vt.,后面再加两个宾语意思才完全。间接宾语(人),直接宾语(物)。
结构:v. sb sth(give/pass/bring/show)
She showed me the way. show sb sth
She gave me a cup of tea. give sb sth
I bring you a gift. bring sb sth
Her mother tells her stories every night. tell sb sth
注意:
这些能跟双宾语的动词后面可以有两种结构
v. sb sth
v. sth 介词 sb
Archie gives me a present
Archie gives a present to me
give sb sth = give sth to sh
Luke bought me a new car.
Luke bought a new car to me.
buy sb sth = buy sth for sb
常见动词+双宾语:
v+sb+sth:...某人某物/某事
to系列:V +sth to sb
show 展示 give 给 tell 告诉 offer 提供
bring 带来 lend 借 teach 教
send 送 pass 递给 hand 递给
for系列:
buy买 make 制作
(buy/make sb sth = buy/make sth for sb)
结构分
简单句
并列句
复合句