英语--状语从句

概念

状语

表达时间，地点，原因，条件，目的，结果...

状语从句

复合句中句子充当状语

Yesterday(时间状语),I went shopping.

When I was 18(时间状语从句),I loved singing and dancing.

特点

1.主从句结构完整，不缺任何成分

2.主从句位置灵活：主句+连接词+从句

                                连接词+主句，+从句

Where there is a will,there is a way.

Nothing is different if you put your heart into it.

分类

时间状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句

目的状语从句，让步状语从句，结果状语从句

比较状语从句，方式状语从句，地点状语从句

时间状语从句

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常用连接词

when,while,before,after

by the time,until(直到),not...until(直到...才)

as soon as,the moment(一...就...)

no sooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when(一...就...)

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考点一

no sooner...than        hardly/scarcely...when

搭配

Hardly had I got home when began to rain.

No sooner had I arrived at the station than the train left.

时态

主+had hardly/scarcely/(no sooner) done+when(than) did

主句过完(had done),从句一过(did)

I had  no sooner arrived at the station than the train left.

I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.

倒装

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 no sooner,hardly/scarcely 置于句首，主句部分倒装

 No sooner+had+主+done+than+主+did

 Hardly/Scarcely+had+主+done+when+主+did

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I had hardl/scarcely got home when it began to rain.

Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain

翻译

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no sooner+主句+than+从句

hardly/scarcely+主句+when+从句

一主句就从句（从前往后翻译） 

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Hardly had he taken an exam when he felt nervous.

他一考试就紧张

考点二

not...until 直到......才......（从后往前翻译）

Not until + 从句 + 主句（部分倒装）

He won`t go to bed until she returns.主将从现

Not until you told me did I know the news. 主过从过

考点三

by the time + do/does,主+will have done.

by the time+ did,主+had done

He will have learn English for 8 years by the time he graduates from university.

考点四

It is/will be(not)+时间段+before+do/does

It was (not) +时间段 + before+did

过久之后.../没多久就...

It will be half a year before I come back.

It wasn`t long before she found a job

 主句 + had done + before + did

 主句 + will do+ after + do/does

Before they reached the station,the train had gone.

考点五

since/ever since自从

主语 + have/has done + since/ever since + did

I have studied  in this school since I was ten.

It has been three years since the war broke out.

考点六

the moment /as soon as

主语 + will do + the memont / as soon as  + do / does

I will tell her the good news the moment / as soon as she comes back.

 考点七

when & while & as

主+ was/were doing + when + did. (当...的时候)

I was reading when he came in.

be about to do + when 正准备做某事突然发生

I was about to leave when the bell rang.

while + be doing (当...的时候)

句子1 + while + 句子2 （表对比）

John was watching TV while his wife was cooking.

 as + did/be doing （一边...一边...）

He sang as he walked.

 条件状语从句

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if 如果 unless 如果不,除非

They will go tomorrow unless it rains

= They will go tomorrow if it doesn`t rain

as/so long as 只要

As/So long as we don`t lose heart,we`ll find a way.

providing/provided that 如果 

We will hold the concert next week provided that the weather is good.

given that 考虑到

on condition that 条件是...

You may use my book on condition that you return it on time.

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时态

时态原则：主将从现，主情从现，主祈从现

常考连词：if,unless,as/so long as

If you go to the party,you`ll gave a great time.

He can`t see clearty unless she wears glasses.

Please be careful if you cross the road.

 结果状语从句

常用连接词：

so/such...that 如此...以至于...

such + a/an + adj.+ n.单 + that...

Mary is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her.

such + adj.+ n.复/不可数n. + that...

It is such nice weather that we should go for a walk.

so + adj./adv. + that...

He runs so fast that I can`t catch up with me.

so + adj. + a/an + n.单 +that...

It was so cold a day that few people went outside.

so + many/much/little/few+n.复+that...

He was so many friends that he often feels happy.

名前such形副so，多多少少还用so

原因状语从句

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 because  as 因为

 in/for/seeing that 由于   since/now that 既然

 considering  that/given that 考虑到

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考点一

because & for & a

as句首句中（“作为”，“正如”，“当...的时候”）

As she was ill,she didn`t come to the party.

because句首句中，不能和so同时出现，对why回答

Because he didn`t obey the rules,he was punished.

for句中，常用于逗号和主句隔开

Please open the windows,for it is hot.

 not because...,but because... 不是因为...而是因为

He decided to give up the change of going abroad,not because he did not want to,but becasuse his wife was ill.

 考点二

since/now that/seeing that/given that/considering that 一般置于句首

Since you have no license,you aren`t allowed to drive.

Now that the dinner is ready,go and wash your hands.

目的状语从句

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 常用连接词：

 so that/in order that 为了，以便于

 for fear that (唯恐)，in case (万一)，lest (以免)...

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考点

so that/in order that 为了，以便于

so that 句中  in order that 句首句中

I will speak slowly so that you can understand me.

In order that we might see thet sunrise,we started for the peak early.

 让步状语从句

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常用连接词

though,although,even if/though,as,while(即使)

疑问词-ever,no matter + 疑问词...(无论...)

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考点一

although常置于句首/though

(二者多数情况可互换，不可与but连用)

Although he is young,he is very clever.

Though he is poor,he is apply

考点二

 as引导的让步状语从句，从句要倒装

Child as he is,he knew what to do.

Young as he is,he knows a lot.

 考点三

wh- / how + -ever (状从/名词性从句)

no matter + wh- /how (状从)

No matter what /Whatever I did,he didn`t trust me(状从)

Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. (名从)

 whatever/no matter what + (n.) + 主谓

 however/no matter how + adj./adv +主谓

No matter what differenties we meet,we will overcome them.

However expensive it may be,I will takeit

比较状语从句

(参见形副原级，比较级)

as...as(和...一样)

not so...as(和...不一样)

than (比)

the + 比较级 + 主 + 谓，the + 比较级 + 主 + 谓

方式状语从句

as,just as(正如...)

as if/though (好像)

the way(像...一样，用...的方法)

地点状语从句

where(在...地方/在哪儿)

wherever(在任何地方/无论在哪儿)

总结

since

as