Linux sed命令

  Sed是一个流编辑器 stream editor，这也是sed这个名字的由来。

替换

  先来个简单的替换的例子，把某个单词替换为另一个单词，以下是我的第一次sed实践：

hope@hope:~/sed$ cat demo.txt
The Cholesky algorithm was not published until after Cholesky’s death, but it was later examined by Turing and Wilkinson4 and others.
hope@hope:~/sed$ sed 's/after/aftter/' demo.txt
The Cholesky algorithm was not published until aftter Cholesky’s death, but it was later examined by Turing and Wilkinson4 and others.

提取某行

  使用-n选项限制输出，比如说只显示第五行，可以sed -n ‘5p’,以下是我的实践：

hope@hope:~/sed$ vi pippa.txt
hope@hope:~/sed$ cat pippa.txt
Pippa
The year’s at the spring,
The day’s at the morn;
Morning’s at seven;
The hillside’s dew pearled;
The lark’s on the wing;
The snail’s on the thorn;
God’s in His heaven—
All’s right with the world!
ROBERT BROWNING.
hope@hope:~/sed$ sed -n '5p' pippa.txt
The hillside’s dew pearled;
hope@hope:~/sed$

多文件处理

  如果是多个文件，将会拼接为一个文件，我举个例子：

hope@hope:~/sed$ cat farewell.txt
A Farewell
My fairest child, I have no song to give you;
No lark could pipe to skies so dull and gray;
Yet, ere we part, one lesson I can leave you
For every day.
Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be clever;
Do noble things, not dream them all day long:
And so make life, death, and that vast forever
One grand, sweet song.
CHARLES KINGSLEY.
hope@hope:~/sed$ sed -n '11p' pippa.txt  farewell.txt
A Farewell
hope@hope:~/sed$

  拼接为一个长文件后，第11行才是第二个文件的第一行。

提取多行

  提取多行文本无非是用分号隔开，语法上比较简单。如下面的例子:

hope@hope:~/sed$ sed -n '1p;5p;6p;9p' pippa.txt
Pippa
The hillside’s dew pearled;
The lark’s on the wing;
All’s right with the world!
hope@hope:~/sed$

提取尾行

  提取最后一行，用$p就可以了，如下：

hope@hope:~/sed$ sed -n '$p' pippa.txt
ROBERT BROWNING.
hope@hope:~/sed$

间隔行

  为了方便，我把用于实验的文本每行前面都加上行号，文本内容如下：

1 Pippa
2 The year’s at the spring,
3 The day’s at the morn;
4 Morning’s at seven;
5 The hillside’s dew pearled;
6 The lark’s on the wing;
7 The snail’s on the thorn;
8 God’s in His heaven—
9 All’s right with the world!
10 ROBERT BROWNING.

  间隔行的语法是m~n，m是开始行，n是间隔多少行，用例子说话：

hope@hope:~/sed$ sed -n '1~2p' pippa.txt
1 Pippa
3 The day’s at the morn;
5 The hillside’s dew pearled;
7 The snail’s on the thorn;
9 All’s right with the world!
hope@hope:~/sed$ sed -n '1~3p' pippa.txt
1 Pippa
4 Morning’s at seven;
7 The snail’s on the thorn;
10 ROBERT BROWNING.
hope@hope:~/sed$

行范围

  范围使用逗号，用起来比较简单，如下：

hope@hope:~/sed$ sed -n '1,3p' pippa.txt
1 Pippa
2 The year’s at the spring,
3 The day’s at the morn;

脚本

  如果命令比较长，可以写入脚本中，然后使用f参数调用。我举个例子：

hope@hope:~/sed$ vi 1to3p.sed
hope@hope:~/sed$ cat 1to3p.sed
1,3p
hope@hope:~/sed$ sed -n -f 1to3p.sed pippa.txt
1 Pippa
2 The year’s at the spring,
3 The day’s at the morn;
hope@hope:~/sed$