定时器&PWM应用编程

一、使用STM32F103的 Tim2~Tim5其一定时器的某一个通道pin(与GPIOx管脚复用,见下图),连接一个LED,用定时器计数方式,控制LED以2s的频率周期性地亮-灭。

1.1创建项目

RCC选择外部晶振
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TIM2选择内部时钟
alt
alt
TIM3同理
alt

再设置一个输出管脚控制LED灯的亮灭。这里设置的是A0。最后按照之前的配置,生成程序即可。

1.2添加代码

main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
 
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
 
/* USER CODE END Includes */
 
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
 
/* USER CODE END PTD */
 
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
 
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
 
/* USER CODE END PM */
 
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
 
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
 
/* USER CODE END PV */
 
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_NVIC_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
 
/* USER CODE END PFP */
 
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
 
/* USER CODE END 0 */
 
/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
  uint8_t hello[20]="hello windows!\r\n";
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
 
  /* USER CODE END 1 */
 
  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
 
  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
 
  /* USER CODE END Init */
 
  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
 
  /* USER CODE END SysInit */
 
  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM2_Init();
  MX_TIM3_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
 
  /* Initialize interrupts */
  MX_NVIC_Init();
	HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim2);
	HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim3);
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
 
  /* USER CODE END 2 */
 
  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */
 
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}
 
/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
 
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
 
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
 
  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}
 
/**
  * @brief NVIC Configuration.
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_NVIC_Init(void)
{
  /* TIM2_IRQn interrupt configuration */
  HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM2_IRQn, 0, 0);
  HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM2_IRQn);
  /* TIM3_IRQn interrupt configuration */
  HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM3_IRQn, 0, 0);
  HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM3_IRQn);
}
 
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
	static uint32_t time_cnt =0;
	static uint32_t time_cnt3 =0;
	if(htim->Instance == TIM2)
	{
		if(++time_cnt >= 400)
		{
			time_cnt =0;
			HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_0);
		}
	}
	if(htim->Instance == TIM3)
	{
		if(++time_cnt3 >= 1000)
		{
			time_cnt3 =0;
    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,hello,20,100000);
		}
			
	}
}
 
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
 
#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

1.3运行效果

alt

二、接上,采用定时器pwm模式,让 LED 以呼吸灯方式渐亮渐灭,周期为1~2秒,自己调整到一个满意效果。使用Keil虚拟示波器,观察 pwm输出波形。

2.1创建项目

RCC设置为Crystal/Ceramic Resonator
alt
设置时钟
alt
设置TIM3,TIM4
alt

2.2添加代码

main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"
 
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
 
/* USER CODE END Includes */
 
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
 
/* USER CODE END PTD */
 
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
 
/* USER CODE END PD */
 
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
 
/* USER CODE END PM */
 
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
 
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
 
/* USER CODE END PV */
 
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
 
/* USER CODE END PFP */
 
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
 
/* USER CODE END 0 */
 
/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
  uint16_t duty_num3 = 10;
uint16_t duty_num4 = 10;
 
 
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
 
  /* USER CODE END 1 */
 
  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
 
  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
 
  /* USER CODE END Init */
 
  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
 
  /* USER CODE END SysInit */
 
  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM3_Init();
  MX_TIM4_Init();
  	HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim3,TIM_CHANNEL_1);
	HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim4,TIM_CHANNEL_1);
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
 
  /* USER CODE END 2 */
 
  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */
        HAL_Delay(50);
		duty_num3 = duty_num3 + 10;
			duty_num4 = duty_num4 + 10;
		if(duty_num3 > 500)
		{
			duty_num3 = 0;
		}
		__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim3,TIM_CHANNEL_1,duty_num3);
			if(duty_num4 > 500)
		{
			duty_num4 = 0;
		}
		__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim4,TIM_CHANNEL_1,duty_num4);
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}
 
/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
 
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
 
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
 
  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}
 
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
 
/* USER CODE END 4 */
 
/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
 
#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

2.3运行效果

alt

2.4示波器观察

alt

三、再接上,采用定时器的另外一个通道,编程采集上面的pwm输出信号,获得其周期和脉宽,并重定向输出到串口显示。

3.1创建项目

RCC
alt
SYS
alt
TIM1
lt
TIM2
alt
TIM3
alt
USART1
alt

3.2代码

#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
 
uint8_t i = 0;
 
float Duty = 0;
float Frequency = 0;
uint16_t Cap_val1 = 0;
uint16_t Cap_val2 = 0;
 
int main(void)
{
    HAL_Init();
    SystemClock_Config();
    MX_GPIO_Init();
    MX_TIM1_Init();
    MX_TIM3_Init();
    MX_USART1_UART_Init();
    MX_TIM2_Init();
    /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
 
    printf("串口通信测试\r\n");
    HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim2); // 使能定时器及其更新中断
    HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_1); // 使能定时器及其PWM输出
    HAL_TIM_IC_Start_IT(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_1);       // 使能定时器及其输入捕获
    HAL_TIM_IC_Start_IT(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_2);       // 使能定时器及其输入捕获
    __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_1, 10); // 设置一个PWM波形进行测量
 
    while (1)
    {
        // 串口发送 频率 占空比
        printf("Cap_val1 is :%d ,  Cap_val2 is : %d \r\n", Cap_val1, Cap_val2);
        printf("Duty is :%0.2f%% Frequency is : %0.2f ms\r\n", Duty, Frequency);
        HAL_Delay(1000);
    }
}
 
 
// 定时TIM2 定时亮灯的中断函数
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *tim)
{
    if (tim == &htim2)
    {
        HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_13);
    }
}
 
// 定时输入捕获回调函数 计算占空比和频率
void HAL_TIM_IC_CaptureCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
    if (htim->Instance == TIM1)
    {
        if (htim->Channel == HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_CHANNEL_1)
        {
            Cap_val1 = HAL_TIM_ReadCapturedValue(htim, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
        }
        if (htim->Channel == HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_CHANNEL_2)
        {
            Cap_val2 = HAL_TIM_ReadCapturedValue(htim, TIM_CHANNEL_2);
            Duty = 100 - (float)Cap_val2 / (float)Cap_val1 * 100;
            Frequency = 0.001 * Cap_val1;
        }
    }
}

3.3运行效果

alt

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