第7周---STM32串口通信入门

一. 了解串口协议和RS-232标准，以及RS232电平与TTL电平的区别；了解"USB/TTL转232"模块（以CH340芯片模块为例）的工作原理。 二. 安装 stm32CubeMX，配合Keil，使用HAL库（或标准库）方式，设置USART1 波特率为115200，1位停止位，无校验位，完成下列任务： 1）STM32系统给上位机（win10）连续发送“hello windows！”。win10采用“串口助手”工具接收。 2）在完成以上任务基础，继续扩展功能：当上位机给stm32发送一个字符“#”后，stm32暂停发送“hello windows！”；发送一个字符“*”后，stm32继续发送；

在STM32CubeMX中创建新工程并设置

RCC

SYS

NVIC

导出后用Keil打开
对main.c函数进行更改，更改后总的代码如下

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
	char c;//?? 0:??  1:??
char message[]="hello Windows\n";//????
char tips[]="CommandError\n";//??1
char tips1[]="Start.....\n";//??2
char tips2[]="Stop......\n";//??3
int flag=0;//?? 0:???? 1.????

int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&c, 1);

  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */
		if(flag==1){
			//????
			HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&message, strlen(message),0xFFFF); 
			
			//??
			HAL_Delay(1000);
		}


    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
	
	//???????0?,???????flag
	if(c=='#'){
		flag=0;
		HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&tips2, strlen(tips2),0xFFFF); 
	}
	
	//???????1?,???????flag
	else if(c=='*'){
		flag=1;
		HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&tips1, strlen(tips1),0xFFFF); 
	}
	
	//?????????,???????flag
	else {
		flag=0;
		HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&tips, strlen(tips),0xFFFF); 
	}

	//??????
		HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&c, 1);  
}


/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

成功编译

烧录后在串口助手上显示

发送一个字符“#”后，stm32暂停发送“hello windows！”；发送一个字符“*”后，stm32继续发送；

三. 在没有示波器条件下，可以使用Keil的软件仿真逻辑分析仪功能观察串口输出波形，并分析时序状态正确与否，计算波特率实际为多少。

已知：1位停止位，无校验位

1字符包含 1（起始位）+8（数据位）+0（校验位）+1（停止位）=10bit

计算得115200