考研机械工程领域智能机器人前沿技术-中英文翻译版

Abstract

Advancements in intelligent robotics have become a focal point of research in mechanical engineering, particularly in the context of graduate studies for mechanical majors. This paper delves into the cutting-edge technologies driving the evolution of intelligent robots, highlighting key areas of innovation. One significant trend is the integration of embodied intelligence and vertical large models, which enable robots to perceive, interact, and act autonomously in real-time, adapting to their environments. This combination, augmented by multi-modal data analysis of text, images, and audio, fosters the creation of more powerful and intelligent robotic systems, especially in human-robot interaction scenarios such as chatting, companionship, assistance, and education.

The development of bionic robots, inspired by biological principles and structures, marks another frontier. These robots, including quadrupeds, humanoids, underwater vehicles, and flapping-wing aerial vehicles, leverage advancements in high-performance joint actuators, motion algorithms, machine vision, and dexterous manipulation. Their potential applications span special services, industrial production, commercial services, and household chores, addressing a wide range of needs.

Moreover, the fusion of three-dimensional perception models and multi-modal information enhances robots' understanding of environmental features by integrating diverse sensor data, including images, point clouds, and sounds. This technology overcomes the limitations of single sensors, providing comprehensive and robust information crucial for navigation, human-robot interaction, environmental monitoring, and autonomous driving.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and cyborg integration represent groundbreaking advancements, connecting human brains directly with external devices for information exchange. In medical rehabilitation, exoskeletons and robotic systems assist patients in recovering motor functions, improving their quality of life. Micro-nano robots, with their minute size, precision, targeting capabilities, and low invasiveness, hold promise in biomedical applications, tissue engineering, and microelectronics.

In the realm of commercial services, outdoor robots are increasingly used for unmanned delivery, autonomous buses and taxis, road cleaning, and inspection, while indoor robots excel in navigation services, cleaning, food delivery, vending, and unmanned restaurants. The maturation of autonomous navigation technology and decreasing costs of components like lidar and servo motors have fueled this growth.

Additionally, robot operating systems (ROS) facilitate standardization and modularization, enabling digital twins of physical and digital spaces and promoting large-scale robot applications. Swarm robotics, where multiple robots collaborate within a team, exemplifies collective intelligence, finding applications in military, transportation, inspection, and unmanned aerial vehicles.

In conclusion, the frontier technologies shaping intelligent robots in mechanical engineering encompass embodied intelligence, bionic design, multi-modal fusion, BCIs, micro-nano robotics, commercial service robots, and swarm intelligence. These innovations not only expand robots' capabilities but also pave the way for transformative impacts on industries, societies, and daily lives.

中文摘要

机械工程领域智能机器人的发展已成为研究生阶段的重要研究焦点。本文深入探讨了推动智能机器人进化的前沿技术，重点介绍了几个关键的创新领域。一大显著趋势是具身智能与垂直大模型的融合，这使机器人能够实时自主感知、交互和行动，适应环境变化。结合文本、图像和音频的多模态数据分析，进一步推动了更强大、更智能的机器人系统的创建，特别是在聊天、陪伴、辅助和教育等人机交互场景中。

受生物学原理和结构启发而设计的仿生机器人是另一项前沿技术。这些机器人包括四足机器人、人形机器人、水下机器人和仿生扑翼飞行器等，利用了高性能关节驱动器、运动算法、机器视觉和灵巧操作等领域的快速发展。它们的应用范围广泛，包括特殊服役、工业生产、商业服务和家庭服务等，满足了各种需求。

此外，三维感知模型与多模态信息的融合通过整合来自不同传感器的数据（如图像、点云和声音），增强了机器人对环境特征的理解。这一技术克服了单一传感器的局限性，为导航、人机交互、环境监测和自动驾驶等领域提供了全面且鲁棒的信息。

脑机接口（BCI）与机电一体化代表了突破性进展，实现了人类大脑与外部设备的直接信息交流。在医疗康复领域，外骨骼和机器人系统帮助患者恢复运动功能，提高了生活质量。微纳机器人以其微小尺寸、精确性、靶向能力和低损伤性，在生物医学、组织工程和微电子学等领域具有广阔应用前景。

在商业服务领域，室外机器人越来越多地用于无人配送、无人驾驶巴士和出租车、道路清洁和巡检等，而室内机器人则在导航服务、清洁、餐饮配送、无人售货和无人餐厅等方面表现出色。自主导航技术的成熟以及激光雷达和伺服电机等组件成本的下降推动了这一增长。

此外，机器人操作系统（ROS）促进了标准化和模块化，实现了物理空间和数字空间的数字孪生，推动了机器人的大规模应用。群体机器人技术，即多台机器人在团队中协同工作，体现了集体智能，在军事、交通、巡检和无人机等领域找到了应用。

综上所述，机械工程领域智能机器人的前沿技术包括具身智能、仿生设计、多模态融合、脑机接口、微纳机器人、商业服务机器人和群体智能等。这些创新不仅扩展了机器人的能力，而且为行业、社会和日常生活带来了变革性影响。

【结语】

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