一、四则运算
- 加法: plus,1+2: one plus two
- 减法: minus, 3-2: three minus two
- 乘法: times or multiplied by,3x2: three times two 或 three multiplied by two.
- 除法: divided by or over,10/4: ten divided by four
- 比和比例: “:”, be to; a:b. a is to b 或 the ratio of a to b.
- 乘方:
x
n
x^n
xn: x to the nth power; n=2时, x squared; n=3时, x cubed.
a b n ab^n abn: a times b to the nth power; b n − 1 b^{n-1} bn−1: b to the n minus one power; b m + n b^{m+n} bm+n: b to the m plus n power - 开方: x的n次开方,the principle nth root of x; n=2, the principle square root of x
二、大小关系
- a = b a=b a=b: a is equal to b 或 a equals b.
- 不等于: a is not equal to b 或 a does not equal b
- 恒等于: a is identical to b
- 约等于: a is approximately equal to b.
- 小于: a is less than b
- 大于: a is greater than b
- 小于或等于: a is less than or equal to b
- 大于或等于: a is greater than or equal to b.
三、括号
- (): parentheses 或 round brackets.
- []: square brackets
- {}: braces
四、特殊求值
- 绝对值: absolute value
- 最大值: maximum value;极大值: maximum value;极大点: maximum point
- 最小值:minimum value: 例如 the minimum value of f ( x ) f(x) f(x)
- 求累加和: the sum of all a k a_k ak from k k k equals one to n n n
- 求连乘积: the product of all b k b_k bkfrom k k kequals one to n n n
五、初等几何的符合和表达式
- 角: angle
- 三角形: triangle
- 平行于: be parallel to
- 垂直于: be perpendicular to
六、分数和小数
- 分数
- 小数: 12.65, twelve point six five
七、简单的几何关系
- 线
- 直线: Straight line
- 射线: Ray
- 线段: Line Segment
- 曲线: curve
- 折线: broken line
- 弧: arc
- 角度
- 直角: right angle
- 锐角: acute angle
- 钝角: obtuse angle
- 平面图像
- 三角形: triangle
- 四边形: quadrilateral;矩形: rectangle;
- 圆:circle;半圆:semicircle;扇形:sector
- 立体图形: 立方体 cube;长方体 cuboid;圆柱 culinder
八、数和基本运算
- 自然数 natural number;正整数 positive integer;负整数 negative integers
- 分数:fractions;真分数 proper fractions;分母:denominator
- 小数: decimals;有限小数: finite decimals;无限小数: infinite decimals.
- 有理数: rational numbers.
- 无理数:irrational numbers
- 实数: real numbers;无限的 non-terminating
- 复数: complex numbers;虚数单位: imaginary unit;实部: real part;虚部: imaginary part; 纯虚数: pure imainary part.
- 算式: expression
- 加减乘除、乘方、开方: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, involution, and evolution.
- 律:law
- 倍数: multiple;因数: factor;a被b整除: a is a multiple of b, a is divisible by b, b is a factor of a.
- 素数: prime number;合数: composite(复合的) number
- 最大公因数: highest common factor (H.C.F);最小公倍数: least common multiple. (L.C.M)
- 百分数: percentage;百分比: percent
九、单项式、多项式、分式
- 单项式: monomial;系数/常数因子: constant factor;系数:confficient
- 指数: exponents; 度:degree
- 多项式: polynomial;项: term;多项式的次数: the degree of a polynomial;常数项: constant term
- 合并同类项: combine the like terms. 展开多项式: expand;因式分解: factorize
- 名词展开: expanding;名字因式分解: factorization;名次因子: factors
- 整式: integral expression;分式: fractional expression
十、简单方程与未知数
- 未知数: unknown(s);方程 equation
- 方程的解: the solution of the equation;解方程: solve function
- 不等式: inequality;不等号转向: be reversed
- 有意义: make sense
十一、线性方程与二次方程
- 含有未知数x和y的方程: an equation in unknowns x and y.
- 一次方程: first-order equation;线性方程: linear equation
- 坐标平面:coordinate plane
- 有序数对: pair of ordered numbers;
- 无穷多个解: infinite many solutions
- 方程组:system of equations
- 消元法: methods of elimination;代入法:substitution;
- 矩阵:matrix;行列式:determinants;系数矩阵:coefficient matrix;增广矩阵: matrix of coefficient and constants.
- 一元二次方程组: quadratic equation (or second-degree equation) in one unknown x.
- 实根: real roots;共轭复根: conjugate complex root;判别式: discriminant
十二、集合的概念
- 集: set;属于: belong to;元素: element; 子集: subset;真子集: proper subset.
- 整数集: Integers;自然数集:natural numbers;有理数集: rational numbers; 实数集: real numbers.
- 区间: Interval; 闭区间: closed interval;开区间: open interval;半开半闭区间: half-open-closed interval; 无穷区间: infinite interval.
- 公理: axioms;
- 并: union;交:intersection.
十三、函数
- 函数: function;象: image;变量: varaible
- 线性函数: linear function;二次函数: quadratic function;坐标平面:coordinate plane;
- 抛物线:parabola
- 指数函数: exponential function;对数函数:logarithmic function;
- 互逆: converse mutually;
- 定义域: domain;值域:the range of function f(x)
- 三角函数: trigonometric functions; 周期函数:periodic functions;周期:period;
- 单调的:monotonic;
- 反函数: inverse function.
十四、圆
- 圆心: center;半径:radius;周长: circumference;圆周率: circumference ratio
- 弧: arc;扇形:sector
- 圆心角: angle at the center
- 半圆: semi cicle
十五、平面上的坐标几何
- 直角坐标平面(系): rectangular coordinate plane (system);坐标轴: axes;y轴:y-axis;数轴: number line;
- 有序数对: ordered numbers;x坐标: x-coordinate;
- 象限: quadrant
- 极坐标系: polar coordinate system;极点: pole;极轴: polar axis;
- 斜率: slope;
- 距离公式: distance formula
- 轨迹:locus
- 椭圆: ellipses;抛物线:parabolas;双曲线:hyperbolas.
十六、数列
- 数列: sequence;项:term;通项: general term
- 公差: common difference;等差数列:arithmetic sequence
- 公比: common ratio; 等比数列: geometric sequence
十七、级数
- 级数: series; 无穷级数: infinite series;有限级数:finite series
- 数学归纳法原理:principle of mathematical induction
十八、初等概率
- 事件: event;概率: probability
- 必然事件: certain event;不可能事件: impossible event;
- 随机问题: random problem;样本空间: sample space
- 实验概率: experimental probability
- 概率加法的一般准则:general rule for the addition of probabilities
- 互斥的: exclusive;互补事件:complementary event
十九、统计
- 概率分布直方图: frequency distribution histogram;频率多边形: frequency polygon;频率曲线:frequency curve;
- 离散数据:discrete data;中位数:medium;众数: mode;四分位数:quartile
- 算术平均:arithmetic mean;总体:population; 标准差:standard deviation;
- 正态分布: normal distirbution.
- 近似值: approximate value;精度:degree of accuracy;四舍五入有效数字:round off x correct to n significant figures.
- 精确到整数位: correct to the nearest integer
- 准确值: actual value;绝对值:absolute value;绝对误差:absolute error;误差: measured error