Ubuntu系统apt-get, pip国内源设置

Ubuntu系统默认设置apt-get、pip的源为国外服务器，速度较慢，以及有时有连接不上的情况。可以设置成国内的源以提高下载速度和稳定性。

1 apt-get

apt-get的源设置通过/etc/apt/sources.list文件进行，修改文件的内容即可

$ sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

把里面的内容改成国内源的设置，常见的设置有清华大学、阿里云的源等。如下

清华大学
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

阿里云
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

中科大
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
 

修改文件内容之后，运行

$ sudo apt update

进行软件信息的更新，就生效了。

配置方法适用所有版本Ubuntu系统，上述配置文件中，bionic表示Ubuntu系统的版本对应的命名bionic对应的是18.04版本，如果是16.04版本，则对应的名称为xenial，其它内容一样。

对于ARM平台上的Ubuntu系统，不同上面的配置，需把配置文件中的ubuntu目录需更改为ubuntu-ports，也可以配置清华大学、阿里云的源。

清华大学
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main multiverse restricted universe

阿里云
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
#deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
 

2 pip，pip3

pip/pip3用于python软件模块下载，通过~/.pip/pip.conf文件配置，如果没有这个目录和文件，可以生成一个进行设置。修改文件内容进行设置，常见的源有清华大学、阿里云等，如下

清华大学
[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
[install]
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

阿里云
[global]
index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
[install]
trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com

其它的源设置类似，只需要修改服务器即可，如

豆瓣
https://pypi.douban.com/simple

中科大
https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple

修改之后，再运行pip/pip3命令就从新的服务器下载。