python3 @dataclass 简述

0.python dataclass 官方文档：

dataclasses — Data Classes — Python 3.10.4 documentation

1@dataclass是什么：

请看0~

2 @dataclass使用

2.1

首先引入dataclass.

使用此装饰器，新建student类，后续直接使用即可。

from dataclasses import dataclass


@dataclass
class Student:
    grade: int = 60


def test_demo():
    print(Student)
    print(Student.grade)

输出：

<class 'demo.Student'>
60

2.2 dataclass的一些简单使用

from dataclasses import dataclass


@dataclass
class Student:
    # 定义学生类
    grade: int = 59
    pass_grade: int = 60

    def pass_or_not(self):
        # 简单的比较
        if self.grade > self.pass_grade:
            return True
        else:
            return False


def test_demo():

    xiaoming = Student(grade=60, pass_grade=59)
    # 新建学生小明，赋予小明成绩
    print(xiaoming.pass_or_not())

    xiaohong = Student()
    # 新建学生小红，使用默认成绩
    print(xiaohong.pass_or_not())

2.3

@dataclass
class Student:
    # 定义学生类
    grade: int = 59
    pass_grade: int = 60

    def pass_or_not(self):
        # 简单的比较
        if self.grade > self.pass_grade:
            return True
        else:
            return False


@dataclass
class Boy:
    # 直接使用student类型数据
    student: Student = Student
    name: str = "boy"


def test_demo():
    boy = Boy()
    print(boy.student.grade)
    print(asdict(boy))

    new_boy = Boy(asdict(Student()))
    print(asdict(new_boy))

输出

59
{'student': <class 'demo.Student'>, 'name': 'boy'}
{'student': {'grade': 59, 'pass_grade': 60}, 'name': 'boy'}