一、ask是最普通的表达,而且语气平和,主体一般是人,科技写作中可以用,但不是很常见。例如:
Users often ask that their access to the Internet is secure. (用户经常要求对Internet 的访问是安全的。)
这一句的ask一般用expect代替:
Users often expect that their access to the Internet is secure.
People are asked to register before obtaining a token for access. (人们在得到访问Token之前先要注册。)
这句中的asked 一般用required代替:
People are required to register before obtaining a token for access.
二、request 表达很正式的请求,主体是人,在科技写作中request 带从句表达“要求”不常见。例如:
Students request that more accommodation should be provided.(同学们(正式)要求提供更多宿舍。)
在科技写作中上句应该用expect 代替:
Students expect that more accommodation should be provided.
又例如:
Users request that bugs can be detected and removed as early as possible.(用户要求bugs应尽早发现尽早去除。)
应该是:
Users expect that bugs can be detected and removed as early as possible.
request接宾语在科技写作中是可以的,例如:
A user sends his/her account and password to request authentication.(用户发送他的账号和口令请求认证。)
A user is allowed to request two tokens each day.(用户一天可以请求(申请)两个token。)
request 做名词在科技写作中也常用,例如:
After receiving a access request, the server will first determine whether it comes from a legitimate user. (收到访问请求后,服务器首先判断请求是否来自合法用户。)
三、require一般是客观要求,主体可以是协议、系统等,例如:
The protocol requires users to send a hello first. (协议要求用户先发送一个hello.)
Each user is required to be authenticated by the server. (每个用户都要求由服务器认证。)
四、demand表示急切、强烈请求(要求),科技写作中一般不用,科技写作中总是使用expect 代替demand,不再举例。
但on demand(按需求、要求)常用,例如:
Resource is reserved on demand.(资源按需求预留。)
五、expect在科技写作中常用,表达主体为人时的要求、希望、请求等,例如:
Users/people expect that …
但是,不要有这样的表述:We/I expect …
例如下面的句子非常不妥:
We expect that our experiment demonstrates the performance of our scheme. (我们认为我们的实验验证了我们方案的性能。)
应该说:
We suppose/think …
此外,在通信、对话中向对方表达自己的请求、要求、希望时慎用expect ,那其实很不客气,应该用
May I ask that …
Would you please …
此外,在一般写作中,expect 可以有不同语气,通过上下文可以感受到,例如:
Students gathered in front of the office building. They expect that the university reduces tuition fees.(同学们集聚在办公楼前,他们要求降低学费。)
由于有上下文,可以看出expect是强烈请求,不是一般愿望。
(例句原创)