USB4规范解读(八):USB4系统结构的架构之通信结构

本文深入解析USB4系统结构的通信结构,包括连接管理器、控制包、隧道数据包、链路管理数据包、有序集、边带通道以及低频周期信令。连接管理器负责配置路由器,控制包用于管理总线,隧道数据包整合多种协议流量,链路管理数据包用于同步时钟和控制流,有序集执行符号同步等任务,边带通道处理各种事件,低频周期信令则用于退出电源管理状态。
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USB4数据是USB 3.2数据,DisplayPort数据和PCIe数据的合称,通过路由器在USB4系统结构中传输,而适配器是连接和沟通路由器和其他外部实体的桥梁。适配器共有协议适配器,通道适配器和控制适配器3种。适配器通过功能堆栈层进行USB4通信。

功能堆栈层是USB4系统结构抽象出来的一个结构,由协议适配器层、配置层、传输层和物理层组成,物理层又分为逻辑层和电气层。

以上提到的内容的详细介绍,参考文章《USB4规范解读(五):USB4系统结构的架构之功能堆栈》。

本文在这个基础上继续介绍USB4系统结构通信的各种组成,即通信结构。

下图显示了USB4通信各层之间的分工协调,双箭头表示通信数据包在各层的传递路径。USB4链路指的是互连的路由器的USB4端口之间的连接。

通过功能层进行USB4通信

 

 

1 连接管理器‍

连接管理器是负责管理和配置路由器的实体。连接管理器使用控制数据包与路由器通信。连接管理器需要通过主机接口适配器层,它是协议适配器层的一种具体形式。

关于连接管理器的详细介绍,参考文章《

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This chapter presents an overview of Universal Serial Bus 4 (USB4™) architecture and key concepts. USB4 is similar to earlier versions of USB in that it is a cable bus supporting data exchange between a host computer and a wide range of simultaneously accessible peripherals. However, USB4 also allows a host computer to setup data exchange between compatible peripherals. The attached peripherals share bandwidth as configured by the host computer. The bus allows peripherals to be attached, configured, used, and detached while the host and other peripherals are in operation. When configured over a USB Type-C® connector interface, USB4 functionally replaces USB 3.2 while retaining USB 2.0 bus operating in parallel. Enhanced SuperSpeed USB, as defined in USB 3.2, remains the fundamental architecture for USB data transfer on a USB4 Fabric. The difference with USB4 versus USB 3.2 is that USB4 is a connection -oriented, tunneling architecture designed to combine multiple protocols onto a single physical interface, so that the total speed and performance of the USB4 Fabric can be dynamically shared. USB4 allows for USB data transfers to operate in parallel with other independent protocols specific to display, load/store and host-to-host interfaces. Additionally, USB4 extends performance beyond the 20 Gbps (Gen 2 x 2) of USB 3.2 to 40 Gbps (Gen 3 x 2) over the same dual-lane, dual-simplex architecture. This specification introduces the concept of protocol tunneling to USB bus architecture. Besides tunneling Enhanced SuperSpeed USB (USB3), display tunneling based on DisplayPort (DP) protocol and load/store tunneling based on PCI Express (PCIe) are defined. These protocol tunnels operate independently over the USB4 transport and physical layers. Additionally, USB4 allocates packets for bus configuration and management, and packe ts can be allocated specifically for host-to-host data connections.
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