USB4规范解读:一文看懂USB4数据的传输过程

本文详细解读USB4数据传输过程,包括USB4的接口支持、数据传输速度及兼容性。USB4整合USB 3.2,提供40Gbps带宽,采用全双工双通道传输。通过隧道协议,USB 3.2、DisplayPort和PCIe数据在USB4结构中封装传输,由主机路由器和从机路由器选择路径。USB 3.2和PCIe数据需要经过集线器和交换机确定传输地址,DisplayPort则直接传输。雷电3和雷电4的数据传输过程也进行了比较。

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本文以通俗的方式讲解USB4数据的传输过程。USB4只支持USB Type-C接口,不再支持传统的Type-A(Standard-A)接口和Type-B(Micro-B)接口了,因为这些接口无法支持10Gbps及以上的传输速度。USB4在功能上整合了USB 3.2,同时保持了USB 2.0数据,两者可以同时传输,互不干扰。可以说USB4兼容了USB 3.2和USB 2.0。

USB4和USB 3.2都是高速通信,区别在于USB4旨在将多个协议组合到一个物理接口上,从而可以动态共享USB4 结构的总速度和性能。USB数据传输时,USB4允许与其他专用于显示(DisplayPort),加载/存储(PCIe)的独立协议并行运行。USB4将带宽从USB 3.2的20Gbps(Gen 2x2)扩展到40Gbps(Gen3 x 2)。

USB4 Gen 3 x 2是全双工,双通道传输数据的,每个通道同时发送和接收数据,发送或接收数据的最大速度为20Gbps。下面正式讲解USB4数据的传输过程。

USB4结构传输数据

USB4的数据包含了USB 3.2、DisplayPort和PCIe。传输方式如下图所示:

USB4结构传输数据

这里“隧道”的概念和我们生活中常见的铁路隧道,海底隧道等的概念是不同的。隧道协议是一种将不同协议的数据包重新封装在一起传

This chapter presents an overview of Universal Serial Bus 4 (USB4™) architecture and key concepts. USB4 is similar to earlier versions of USB in that it is a cable bus supporting data exchange between a host computer and a wide range of simultaneously accessible peripherals. However, USB4 also allows a host computer to setup data exchange between compatible peripherals. The attached peripherals share bandwidth as configured by the host computer. The bus allows peripherals to be attached, configured, used, and detached while the host and other peripherals are in operation. When configured over a USB Type-C® connector interface, USB4 functionally replaces USB 3.2 while retaining USB 2.0 bus operating in parallel. Enhanced SuperSpeed USB, as defined in USB 3.2, remains the fundamental architecture for USB data transfer on a USB4 Fabric. The difference with USB4 versus USB 3.2 is that USB4 is a connection -oriented, tunneling architecture designed to combine multiple protocols onto a single physical interface, so that the total speed and performance of the USB4 Fabric can be dynamically shared. USB4 allows for USB data transfers to operate in parallel with other independent protocols specific to display, load/store and host-to-host interfaces. Additionally, USB4 extends performance beyond the 20 Gbps (Gen 2 x 2) of USB 3.2 to 40 Gbps (Gen 3 x 2) over the same dual-lane, dual-simplex architecture. This specification introduces the concept of protocol tunneling to USB bus architecture. Besides tunneling Enhanced SuperSpeed USB (USB3), display tunneling based on DisplayPort (DP) protocol and load/store tunneling based on PCI Express (PCIe) are defined. These protocol tunnels operate independently over the USB4 transport and physical layers. Additionally, USB4 allocates packets for bus configuration and management, and packe ts can be allocated specifically for host-to-host data connections.
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