Http Sever模式通俗浅显的理解就是把ESP32模块当成一个服务器，手机作为客户端可以连接上ESP32服务器，通过设置好的网址可以访问服务器上的网页并进行相关操作。也有点类似于家里新买的路由器，通过http服务来配置路由器。
由于在此章节中开始使用包含头文件和.C文件的方式，只记录核心函数源码。也使用了网上现成的比较小的html文件，只是快速验证下ESP32的服务器模式。
首先时qy_http_server.h文件：
ifndef _QY_HTTP_SERVER_H_
#define _QY_HTTP_SERVER_H_
void qy_http_server_init(void);
#endif然后是qy_http_server.c文件：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include "esp_err.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "cJSON.h"
#include "esp_vfs.h"
#include "esp_spiffs.h"
#include "esp_http_server.h"
#include "nvs_flash.h"
#include "esp_event.h"
#include "ds_spiffs.h"
#include "ds_system_data.h"
#include "qy_http_server.h"
char user_id[20];
char user_code[20];
/* Max length a file path can have on storage */
#define FILE_PATH_MAX (ESP_VFS_PATH_MAX + CONFIG_SPIFFS_OBJ_NAME_LEN)
/* Max size of an individual file. Make sure this
* value is same as that set in upload_script.html */
#define MAX_FILE_SIZE (200*1024) // 200 KB
#define MAX_FILE_SIZE_STR "200KB"
/* Scratch buffer size */
#define SCRATCH_BUFSIZE 8192
struct file_server_data {
/* Base path of file storage */
char base_path[ESP_VFS_PATH_MAX + 1];
/* Scratch buffer for temporary storage during file transfer */
char scratch[SCRATCH_BUFSIZE];
};
static const char *TAG = "file_server";
/* Handler to redirect incoming GET request for /index.html to /
* This can be overridden by uploading file with same name */
static esp_err_t index_html_get_handler(httpd_req_t *req)
{
httpd_resp_set_status(req, "307 Temporary Redirect");
httpd_resp_set_hdr(req, "Location", "/");
httpd_resp_send(req, NULL, 0); // Response body can be empty
return ESP_OK;
}
/* Handler to respond with an icon file embedded in flash.
* Browsers expect to GET website icon at URI /favicon.ico.
* This can be overridden by uploading file with same name */
static esp_err_t favicon_get_handler(httpd_req_t *req)
{
extern const unsigned char favicon_ico_start[] asm("_binary_favicon_ico_start");
extern const unsigned char favicon_ico_end[] asm("_binary_favicon_ico_end");
const size_t favicon_ico_size = (favicon_ico_end - favicon_ico_start);
httpd_resp_set_type(req, "image/x-icon");
httpd_resp_send(req, (const char *)favicon_ico_start, favicon_ico_size);
return ESP_OK;
}
/* Send HTTP response with a run-time generated html consisting of
* a list of all files and folders under the requested path.
* In case of SPIFFS this returns empty list when path is any
* string other than '/', since SPIFFS doesn't support directories */
static esp_err_t http_resp_dir_html(httpd_req_t *req, const char *dirpath)
{
char entrypath[FILE_PATH_MAX];
char entrysize[16];
const char *entrytype;
struct dirent *entry;
struct stat entry_stat;
DIR *dir = opendir(dirpath);
const size_t dirpath_len = strlen(dirpath);
/* Retrieve the base path of file storage to construct the full path */
strlcpy(entrypath, dirpath, sizeof(entrypath));
if (!dir) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to stat dir : %s", dirpath);
/* Respond with 404 Not Found */
httpd_resp_send_err(req, HTTPD_404_NOT_FOUND, "Directory does not exist");
return ESP_FAIL;
}
/* Send HTML file header */
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, "<!DOCTYPE html><html><body>");
/* Get handle to embedded file upload script */
extern const unsigned char upload_script_start[] asm("_binary_setting_html_start");
extern const unsigned char upload_script_end[] asm("_binary_setting_html_end");
const size_t upload_script_size = (upload_script_end - upload_script_start);
/* Add file upload form and script which on execution sends a POST request to /upload */
httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, (const char *)upload_script_start, upload_script_size);
/* Send file-list table definition and column labels */
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req,
"<table class=\"fixed\" border=\"1\">"
"<col width=\"800px\" /><col width=\"300px\" /><col width=\"300px\" /><col width=\"100px\" />"
"<thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Type</th><th>Size (Bytes)</th><th>Delete</th></tr></thead>"
"<tbody>");
/* Iterate over all files / folders and fetch their names and sizes */
while ((entry = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
entrytype = (entry->d_type == DT_DIR ? "directory" : "file");
strlcpy(entrypath + dirpath_len, entry->d_name, sizeof(entrypath) - dirpath_len);
if (stat(entrypath, &entry_stat) == -1) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to stat %s : %s", entrytype, entry->d_name);
continue;
}
sprintf(entrysize, "%ld", entry_stat.st_size);
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Found %s : %s (%s bytes)", entrytype, entry->d_name, entrysize);
/* Send chunk of HTML file containing table entries with file name and size */
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, "<tr><td><a href=\"");
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, req->uri);
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, entry->d_name);
if (entry->d_type == DT_DIR) {
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, "/");
}
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, "\">");
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, entry->d_name);
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, "</a></td><td>");
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, entrytype);
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, "</td><td>");
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, entrysize);
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, "</td><td>");
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, "<form method=\"post\" action=\"/delete");
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, req->uri);
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, entry->d_name);
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, "\"><button type=\"submit\">Delete</button></form>");
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, "</td></tr>\n");
}
closedir(dir);
/* Finish the file list table */
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, "</tbody></table>");
/* Send remaining chunk of HTML file to complete it */
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, "</body></html>");
/* Send empty chunk to signal HTTP response completion */
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, NULL);
return ESP_OK;
}
#define IS_FILE_EXT(filename, ext) \
(strcasecmp(&filename[strlen(filename) - sizeof(ext) + 1], ext) == 0)
/* Set HTTP response content type according to file extension */
static esp_err_t set_content_type_from_file(httpd_req_t *req, const char *filename)
{
if (IS_FILE_EXT(filename, ".pdf")) {
return httpd_resp_set_type(req, "application/pdf");
} else if (IS_FILE_EXT(filename, ".html")) {
return httpd_resp_set_type(req, "text/html");
} else if (IS_FILE_EXT(filename, ".jpeg")) {
return httpd_resp_set_type(req, "image/jpeg");
} else if (IS_FILE_EXT(filename, ".ico")) {
return httpd_resp_set_type(req, "image/x-icon");
}
/* This is a limited set only */
/* For any other type always set as plain text */
return httpd_resp_set_type(req, "text/plain");
}
/* Copies the full path into destination buffer and returns
* pointer to path (skipping the preceding base path) */
static const char* get_path_from_uri(char *dest, const char *base_path, const char *uri, size_t destsize)
{
const size_t base_pathlen = strlen(base_path);
size_t pathlen = strlen(uri);
const char *quest = strchr(uri, '?');
if (quest) {
pathlen = MIN(pathlen, quest - uri);
}
const char *hash = strchr(uri, '#');
if (hash) {
pathlen = MIN(pathlen, hash - uri);
}
if (base_pathlen + pathlen + 1 > destsize) {
/* Full path string won't fit into destination buffer */
return NULL;
}
/* Construct full path (base + path) */
strcpy(dest, base_path);
strlcpy(dest + base_pathlen, uri, pathlen + 1);
/* Return pointer to path, skipping the base */
return dest + base_pathlen;
}
/* Handler to download a file kept on the server */
static esp_err_t download_get_handler(httpd_req_t *req)
{
char filepath[FILE_PATH_MAX];
FILE *fd = NULL;
struct stat file_stat;
const char *filename = get_path_from_uri(filepath, ((struct file_server_data *)req->user_ctx)->base_path,
req->uri, sizeof(filepath));
if (!filename) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Filename is too long");
/* Respond with 500 Internal Server Error */
httpd_resp_send_err(req, HTTPD_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "Filename too long");
return ESP_FAIL;
}
/* If name has trailing '/', respond with directory contents */
if (filename[strlen(filename) - 1] == '/') {
//返回html页面
return http_resp_dir_html(req, filepath);
}
if (stat(filepath, &file_stat) == -1) {
/* If file not present on SPIFFS check if URI
* corresponds to one of the hardcoded paths */
if (strcmp(filename, "/index.html") == 0) {
return index_html_get_handler(req);
} else if (strcmp(filename, "/favicon.ico") == 0) {
return favicon_get_handler(req);
}
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to stat file : %s", filepath);
/* Respond with 404 Not Found */
httpd_resp_send_err(req, HTTPD_404_NOT_FOUND, "File does not exist");
return ESP_FAIL;
}
fd = fopen(filepath, "r");
if (!fd) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to read existing file : %s", filepath);
/* Respond with 500 Internal Server Error */
httpd_resp_send_err(req, HTTPD_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "Failed to read existing file");
return ESP_FAIL;
}
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Sending file : %s (%ld bytes)...", filename, file_stat.st_size);
set_content_type_from_file(req, filename);
/* Retrieve the pointer to scratch buffer for temporary storage */
char *chunk = ((struct file_server_data *)req->user_ctx)->scratch;
size_t chunksize;
do {
/* Read file in chunks into the scratch buffer */
chunksize = fread(chunk, 1, SCRATCH_BUFSIZE, fd);
if (chunksize > 0) {
/* Send the buffer contents as HTTP response chunk */
if (httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, chunk, chunksize) != ESP_OK) {
fclose(fd);
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "File sending failed!");
/* Abort sending file */
httpd_resp_sendstr_chunk(req, NULL);
/* Respond with 500 Internal Server Error */
httpd_resp_send_err(req, HTTPD_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "Failed to send file");
return ESP_FAIL;
}
}
/* Keep looping till the whole file is sent */
} while (chunksize != 0);
/* Close file after sending complete */
fclose(fd);
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "File sending complete");
/* Respond with an empty chunk to signal HTTP response completion */
httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, NULL, 0);
return ESP_OK;
}
/* Handler to upload a file onto the server */
static esp_err_t upload_post_handler(httpd_req_t *req)
{
char filepath[FILE_PATH_MAX];
FILE *fd = NULL;
struct stat file_stat;
/* Skip leading "/upload" from URI to get filename */
/* Note sizeof() counts NULL termination hence the -1 */
const char *filename = get_path_from_uri(filepath, ((struct file_server_data *)req->user_ctx)->base_path,
req->uri + sizeof("/upload") - 1, sizeof(filepath));
if (!filename) {
/* Respond with 500 Internal Server Error */
httpd_resp_send_err(req, HTTPD_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "Filename too long");
return ESP_FAIL;
}
/* Filename cannot have a trailing '/' */
if (filename[strlen(filename) - 1] == '/') {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid filename : %s", filename);
httpd_resp_send_err(req, HTTPD_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "Invalid filename");
return ESP_FAIL;
}
if (stat(filepath, &file_stat) == 0) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "File already exists : %s", filepath);
/* Respond with 400 Bad Request */
httpd_resp_send_err(req, HTTPD_400_BAD_REQUEST, "File already exists");
return ESP_FAIL;
}
/* File cannot be larger than a limit */
if (req->content_len > MAX_FILE_SIZE) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "File too large : %d bytes", req->content_len);
/* Respond with 400 Bad Request */
httpd_resp_send_err(req, HTTPD_400_BAD_REQUEST,
"File size must be less than "
MAX_FILE_SIZE_STR "!");
/* Return failure to close underlying connection else the
* incoming file content will keep the socket busy */
return ESP_FAIL;
}
fd = fopen(filepath, "w");
if (!fd) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create file : %s", filepath);
/* Respond with 500 Internal Server Error */
httpd_resp_send_err(req, HTTPD_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "Failed to create file");
return ESP_FAIL;
}
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Receiving file : %s...", filename);
/* Retrieve the pointer to scratch buffer for temporary storage */
char *buf = ((struct file_server_data *)req->user_ctx)->scratch;
int received;
/* Content length of the request gives
* the size of the file being uploaded */
int remaining = req->content_len;
while (remaining > 0) {
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Remaining size : %d", remaining);
/* Receive the file part by part into a buffer */
if ((received = httpd_req_recv(req, buf, MIN(remaining, SCRATCH_BUFSIZE))) <= 0) {
if (received == HTTPD_SOCK_ERR_TIMEOUT) {
/* Retry if timeout occurred */
continue;
}
/* In case of unrecoverable error,
* close and delete the unfinished file*/
fclose(fd);
unlink(filepath);
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "File reception failed!");
/* Respond with 500 Internal Server Error */
httpd_resp_send_err(req, HTTPD_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "Failed to receive file");
return ESP_FAIL;
}
/* Write buffer content to file on storage */
if (received && (received != fwrite(buf, 1, received, fd))) {
/* Couldn't write everything to file!
* Storage may be full? */
fclose(fd);
unlink(filepath);
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "File write failed!");
/* Respond with 500 Internal Server Error */
httpd_resp_send_err(req, HTTPD_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "Failed to write file to storage");
return ESP_FAIL;
}
/* Keep track of remaining size of
* the file left to be uploaded */
remaining -= received;
}
/* Close file upon upload completion */
fclose(fd);
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "File reception complete");
/* Redirect onto root to see the updated file list */
httpd_resp_set_status(req, "303 See Other");
httpd_resp_set_hdr(req, "Location", "/");
httpd_resp_sendstr(req, "File uploaded successfully");
return ESP_OK;
}
static esp_err_t send_wifi_handler(httpd_req_t *req)
{
int total_len = req->content_len;
int cur_len = 0;
char *buf = ((struct file_server_data *)(req->user_ctx))->scratch;
int received = 0;
if (total_len >= SCRATCH_BUFSIZE) {
/* Respond with 500 Internal Server Error */
httpd_resp_send_err(req, HTTPD_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "content too long");
return ESP_FAIL;
}
while (cur_len < total_len) {
received = httpd_req_recv(req, buf + cur_len, total_len);
if (received <= 0) {
/* Respond with 500 Internal Server Error */
httpd_resp_send_err(req, HTTPD_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "Failed to post control value");
return ESP_FAIL;
}
cur_len += received;
}
buf[total_len] = '\0';
printf("recived data length is :%d\n",total_len);
for (int i = 0; i <total_len ; i++){
putchar(buf[i]);
}
printf("\r\nwifi data recived!\r\n");
cJSON *root = cJSON_Parse(buf);
//读取wifi ssid psw
char *ssid = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "wifi_name")->valuestring;
char *psw = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "wifi_code")->valuestring;
int ssid_len = strlen(ssid);
int psw_len = strlen(psw);
set_system_data_wifi_info(ssid,ssid_len,psw ,psw_len);
print_system_data_wifi_info();
cJSON_Delete(root);
httpd_resp_sendstr(req, "Post control value successfully");
return ESP_OK;
}
/* Function to start the file server */
/* Function to start the file server */
esp_err_t start_file_server(const char *base_path)
{
static struct file_server_data *server_data = NULL;
/* Validate file storage base path */
if (!base_path || strcmp(base_path, "/spiffs") != 0) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "File server presently supports only '/spiffs' as base path");
return ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG;
}
if (server_data) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "File server already started");
return ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
}
/* Allocate memory for server data */
server_data = calloc(1, sizeof(struct file_server_data));
if (!server_data) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to allocate memory for server data");
return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
}
strlcpy(server_data->base_path, base_path,
sizeof(server_data->base_path));
httpd_handle_t server = NULL;
httpd_config_t config = HTTPD_DEFAULT_CONFIG();
/* Use the URI wildcard matching function in order to
* allow the same handler to respond to multiple different
* target URIs which match the wildcard scheme */
config.uri_match_fn = httpd_uri_match_wildcard;
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Starting HTTP Server");
if (httpd_start(&server, &config) != ESP_OK) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to start file server!");
return ESP_FAIL;
}
//收到根页面访问
httpd_uri_t file_download = {
.uri = "/*", // Match all URIs of type /path/to/file
.method = HTTP_GET,
.handler = download_get_handler,
.user_ctx = server_data // Pass server data as context
};
httpd_register_uri_handler(server, &file_download);
/* URI handler for uploading files to server */
httpd_uri_t file_upload = {
.uri = "/upload/*", // Match all URIs of type /upload/path/to/file
.method = HTTP_POST,
.handler = upload_post_handler,
.user_ctx = server_data // Pass server data as context
};
httpd_register_uri_handler(server, &file_upload);
//收到wifi参数设置
httpd_uri_t wifi_data = {
.uri = "/wifi_data", // Match all URIs of type /delete/path/to/file
.method = HTTP_POST,
.handler = send_wifi_handler,
.user_ctx = server_data // Pass server data as context
};
httpd_register_uri_handler(server, &wifi_data);
return ESP_OK;
}
void qy_http_server_init()
{
/* Initialize file storage */
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(init_spiffs());
/* Start the file server */
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(start_file_server("/spiffs"));
}最后是main函数：
#include <stdio.h>
#include "sdkconfig.h"
#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"
#include "esp_system.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "nvs_flash.h"
#include "esp_err.h"
#include "qy_oled.h"
#include "qy_wifi_ap.h"
#include "ds_nvs.h"
#include "qy_http_server.h"
#include "ds_system_data.h"
void app_main(void)
{
LCD_Init();
ds_system_data_init();
ds_nvs_init();
LCD_FullClean(WHITE);
qy_wifi_ap_start();
qy_http_server_init();
while(1){
printf("system run ...\n");
vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
}
}注：
代码看起来很多的样子，其实ESP32的官方例程里面都已经写好了，只需要专注于自己的应用就可以了。
在实际调试过程中，还是闹出了很多乌龙。
首先是html文件，一开始是以为复制到main文件夹下面就可以了，其实是需要在Cmakelist.txt种进行文件添加的。
idf_component_register(SRCS "hello_world_main.c"
"src/fs/ds_spiffs.c"
"src/hal/ds_nvs.c"
"src/ds_system_data.c"
"src/per/qy_oled.c"
"src/per/qy_wifi_ap.c"
"src/per/qy_http_server.c"
INCLUDE_DIRS "."
"./include/fs"
"./include/hal"
"./include/per"
"./include"
EMBED_FILES "./html/favicon.ico"
"./html/setting.html")
然后是分区表，需要为html文件开辟一个文件存储区。
需要在可视化配置界面配置使用自定义文件分区。
上述操作倒不是不会。就是以为这个是配置一次后就一直存在的，后来发现并不是这样，需要在build之前配置好在进行编译烧录。不然就是无止尽的崩溃重启。
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