字母变化规律
- 元音之间可以互换
辅音字母:a
,e
,i
,o
,u
,y
互换clarity
n.清楚,明晰(clear)nominate
v.提名(name)gild
v.镀金(gold)girsly
a.可怕的,毛骨悚然的(gray+sly)fetter
n.脚镣 v.束缚(foot)
- 辅音之间的互换(发音相似替换)
p
-b
互换:reimburse
v.偿还,报销=re
+in
+purse
(再次回到钱包)t
-d
互换:sunder
v.分开,分裂~thunder
(雷劈开)k
-g
-c
-qu
互换:masquerade
n.假面舞会=masker
(戴面具的人)+ade
(表示人的集合)f
-v
互换s
-z
-x
-th
互换:ascetic
a.苦行的,禁欲的~athletic
(体育比赛之前要禁欲);miscellaneous
a.各种各样的,混杂的=mix
+cell
(所有细胞混合在一起)
- 字母
g
,h
的脱落:g
,h
有时不发音,如hour
shenny
a.光亮的,有光泽的~shine
~sun
(字母h
脱落)feign
v.假装~feint
v./n.假装,佯攻(字母g
脱落,后边加上清辅音字母t
)arduous
a.辛苦的,费力的~hard
(字母h
脱落)
- 形近字母的替换
m
-n
互换u
-v
-w
互换:lurk
v.潜伏~lower
(俯下身来);renovate
v.翻新=re
(又一次)+new
(e
-o
元音字母替换;w
-v
形近字母替换)+ate
;prudent
a.谨慎的~provident
(v
-u
形近字母替换,o
元音降级)
- 固定转换
s
-t
-d
互换:dissent
v.不同意=dis
(否定前缀)+sense
(s
-t
固定转换)p
-b
-f
-v
-ph
互换:amorphous
a.无形状的=a
(否定前缀)+form
倒写(f
-ph
固定转换)+ous
;pyromania
n.纵火狂=fire
(f
-p
固定转换)+mania
(狂热)
词根
-
vert/vers
-turn
转动,转变avert
v.(a
to+vert
)避免;防止advert
v.(ad
广告→)注意inadvertently
adv.(in
not)不经心地,疏忽地pervert
n.(per
through+vert
→一直在变→)变态v.曲解divert
v.(di
apart+vert
→转移注意力→)转向;娱乐~diversion
n.娱乐revert
v.(re
back)恢复invert
v.(in
to)反转,颠倒incontrovertible
a.不容置疑的,无可争辩的~controversy
n.争议subvert
v.(sub
down)颠覆,破坏extrovert
n.外向introvert
n.内向vertigo
n.(go
走→边走边转)眩晕vertex
n.顶点vortex
n.漩涡averse
a.(a
to+vert
→转移以避开→)厌恶的~aversion
n.厌恶,敌对be averse to
adverse
a.敌对的,相反的,不利的
-
lev
-raise
/light
levy
v.(减轻国家的负担→)征集,征税~levy a tax on
leverage
v.利用;n.手段,影响力~lever
n.杠杆levity
n.轻浮,轻率~反:gravity
alleviate
v.减轻=relieve
elevate
v.提高;提升levitate
v.悬浮
-
commun
-common
communal
a.共有的,公共的communalize
v.使公有化,集体化communist
n.共产主义者,共产党员municipal
a.(muni
common+cip
cap头→老百姓的头头→)市政的municipality
n.(muni
common+cip
cap头→老百姓的头头→)政府munificent
a.(fic
fact做→为公众做事→)慷慨的immune
a.免疫的,不受影响的~be immune from/to
-
gno
-to konw
cognizant
a.认识的~be cognizant of
=be aware/conscious of
prognosis
n.(pro
before+gno
)预知(尤指疾病)prognosticate
v.(pro
before+gno
)预测(尤指大事件)cognition
n.认识,认知
-
fuse
-pour
profuse
a.(pro
front+fuse
)丰富的,大量的;慷慨的;浪费的(in)infuse
v.(in
in)灌输effuse
v.(e
ex)流出effusive
a.(情感往外流→)热情洋溢的suffuse
v.(sub
)充满(with)fuddle
v.(fud
fus+双写词尾表反复→反复给你倒酒→)灌醉befuddle
v.(fud
fus+双写词尾表反复→反复向你倾倒知识→)使迷惑,困惑diffuse
a.(dis
)冗长的,累赘的;v.弥漫,扩散
-
anim
-to breath
有生命的unanimous
a.(uni
together+anim
breath→同呼吸,共命运)全体一致的,达成共识的animate
v.有生命的;使生动 a.有生命的equanimity
n.(equal
+anim
→气喘匀了)平静magnanimous
a.(magn
大+anim
气+ous
的→大气的)宽宏大量的,慷慨的animosity
n.(anim
气的大喘气→)憎恶;怨恨animus
n.(anim
气的大喘气→)恶意,敌意
-
aque
-water
水opaque
a.(op
not+aqu
)不透明的- 反义词:
sheer
a.透明的;垂直的;纯粹的
- 反义词:
aqueduct
n.(aqu
+duct
lead引导)水渠aquatic
a.水生的,水栖的aquifer
n.(aqu
+fer
carry)含水层
-
cess
/cede
-to goaccess
n.接近,进入accession
n.就职accession to the throne
secede
v.(se
apart)脱离,退出accede
v.(ac
to)同意;加入recede
v.(re
back)后退,倒退ecnomic recession
经济衰退
antecede
v.(ante
前)胜过,超过=surpass
cede
v,放弃,割让领土cede sth to sb
concede
v.(con
together,走到了一起→)承认,让步make concession on
妥协
intercede
v.(inter
between)调节,调停
-
claim
宣称clamor
v./n.(or
表动作的反复行为)叫嚣declaim
v.(de
下~对下面坐的人说话)演讲;慷慨陈词disclaim
v.否认=gainsay
reclaim
v.(re
back)开垦;要求收回acclaim
v./n.(a
加辅音双写表加强)称赞,喝彩
-
clus
/clud
-close
preclude
v.(pre
front)妨碍,阻止occlude
v.(ob
against)阻塞,闭塞seclude
v.(se
apart)使隔绝
-
cyn
-dog
cynical
a.犬儒主义的,愤世嫉俗的~cynic
n.犬儒主义者;愤世嫉俗者~cynicism
n.犬儒主义sardonic
a.讽刺的,嘲笑的sarcastic
a.讽刺的ironic
a.讽刺的
-
dic
/dict
-to speak
说abdicate
v.(ab
away)放弃权力contradict
v.(contrary
against)反驳benediction
n.(bene
好)祝福malediction
n.(male
坏)诅咒=imprecation
interdict
v.(inter
在中间)禁止indict
v.(in
把人说进监狱→)起诉valediction
n.(vale
farewell)告别词vindicate
v.(vin
win说赢→)辩护vindictive
a.报复性的;恶毒的
-
dom
-to rule
统治/homepredominant
a.主要的,占优势的;显著的,卓越的- 同义词:
salient
a.显著的conspicuous
a.(con
together+spect
to see)显著的
- 同义词:
domineering
a.专横的,跋扈的=bossy
indomitable
a.(in
+domit
)不可征服的domesticate
v.驯服domain
n.领域domicile
n.住所,家=home
-
fer
-to carrydefer
v.推迟;服从~(谐:跌份→服从别人很跌份)deferential
v.顺从的deference
n.恭顺,顺从
confer
v.协商;授予~conference
n.会议confer sb a degree
授予一个学位
-
frater
-brother
fraternal
a.兄弟的fraternity
n.兄弟情;博爱;兄弟会~sorority
n.姐妹会preponderance
n.(pond
weight)优势- 同义词:
predominant
a.占主导的
- 同义词:
-
front
前额,前面confront
v.面对;对抗~confrontation
n.冲突,对峙affront
v.(尤指当面)侮辱;冒犯frontier
n.边境effrontery
n.(ex
out总出去露脸→)厚颜无耻
-
greg
-gather
集合aggregate
v.(a
表加强)集合,合计;a.总计的,总数的gregarious
a.群居的;好交际的congregate
v.(con
表加强)集合segregate
v.(se
apart)(种族上的)隔离desegregate
v.废除隔离egregious
a.(ex
out~不合群的人→)极过分的,臭名昭著的
-
hap
-luck
haphazard
偶然的,随便的=unplanned
- 近:
random
a.随机的casual
a.随便的=informal
fortuitous
a.偶然的,意外的=accidental
~(联:fortunate
)
- 近:
mishap
n.不幸hapless
a.不幸的,倒霉的
-
liter
-letter
illiterate
a.文盲的~literate
a.有文化的obliterate
v.(ob
against)擦除,抹去preliterate
a.(pre
before)尚无文字的
-
morph
-form
metamorphose
v.(meta
change)变形,变质,使变成- 同义词:
transmogrify
v.使变形transfigure
v.美化;改变外表
- 同义词:
amorphous
a.无形状的morphology
n.(logy
名词后缀表学科)形态学
-
ord
-order
命令preordain
v.预先注定- 同义词:
predetermine
v.预先决定,预先确定predestine
v.注定
- 反义词:
improvise
v.即兴创作extemporize
v.(ex
out+temporary
临时→临时发挥出来)即兴创作~(联)impromptu
a.(im
not+prompt
迅速的)即兴的offhand
a.即兴的,无准备的off-the-cuff
a.未预备的,即席的
- 同义词:
ordain
v.命令,规定ordinance
n.法令,法规~ordnance
n.大炮primordial
a.原始的
-
plac
-to clam/to smoothe
complacent
a.自满的~(记:plac
长得顺眼,使自己高兴)complaisant
a.顺从的,讨好的~(记:plais
长得不顺眼,使别人高兴)placate
v.安慰;使平静placebo
n.安慰剂placid
a.平静的
-
prec
-pray
祈祷precarious
a.(pre
前+car
汽车站在→汽车前面很危险)危险的;不稳固的deprecation
n.(de
not)强烈不赞成,反对~depreciate
v.贬低;贬值imprecation
n.(im
to)n.诅咒=curse
-
prise/prehend
-to seize,catch(prison
)comprise
v.(com
)包含,构成be comprised of
由…组成- 同义词:
constitute
v.组成 - 反义词:
omit
v.遗漏~omission
n.错过
apprise
v.(a
加辅音双写表加强)通知=inform
reprehend
v.(re
against)谴责=blame
reprehensible
a.应受谴责的
reprisal
n.(re
back)报复=revenge
fear of reprisal
害怕报复
apprehend
v.(a
加辅音双写表加强)逮捕;忧虑=worry
apprehensive
a.忧虑的
-
radi
-root根/send out发射eradicate
vt.(ex
)根除;歼灭- 同义词:
extirpate
v.(ex
+tir
拉)根除uproot
v.根除
- 同义词:
radical
a.根本的;激进的irriadiate
v.(ir
表加强)照耀,照亮radiant
a.容光焕发的;发光的radioactive
a.有放射性的
-
sess
-to sit
坐下assess
v.评估.评价self-assessment
自我评价- 同义词:
evaluate
v.(ex
+value
)评估appraise
v.(a
to+price
)评估value
v.评价,定价
obsess
v.(ob
加强)困扰;着迷,迷住be obsessed with
被…迷住
session
n.会议,开庭
-
sl
-slip
下滑slash
v.(sl
+cash
)砍;削减gash
v.砍入很深;划开;n.很深的伤口hack
v.砍;乱砍,乱劈
slump
n./v.(sl
+jump
)暴跌,下陷slack
a.(sl
+lack
)萧条的,松弛的sloppy
a.邋遢的,不整洁的~slippers
拖鞋slovenly
a.邋遢的,不整洁的slumber
v.睡觉sleigh
v./n.雪橇~(谐:死累)slither
n./v.滑动;滑行slipshod
a.马虎的,随便的,草率的~slip
n.小错误~a slip of pen
笔误
-
soph
-wise
sophisticated
a.世故的;复杂的- 同义词:
suave
a.文雅的;世故的~(联:sweet
腹黑的人第一印象都是sweet的)
- 同义词:
sophism
n.诡辩,似是而非的观点sophist
n.诡辩家philosophy
n.(phile
爱+soph
→爱智慧)哲学
-
tard
-slow
retard
v.妨碍;阻碍 n.笨蛋tardy
a.迟缓的,迟到的retardant
a./n.延缓的;延缓,延迟
-
tend
/tens
/tent
-to stretch
伸展contend
v.竞争;争论;主张=argue
- 同义词:
vie
v.竞争=compete
contest
v.竞争
- 同义词:
distend
v.(dis
apart)扩张,膨胀protend
v.预示tentative
a.暂时性的,实验性的=temporary
-
tort
-twist
扭曲distort
v.扭曲- 同义词:
falsify
v.(false
+ify
动词后缀)篡改;misrepresent
v.歪曲
- 同义词:
contort
v.扭曲,曲解;(也可以表示身体扭曲,contortionist
n.软体杂技演员)extort
v.(ex
out→把钱给抓走)敲诈勒索retort
v.(re
against)反驳,还嘴tort
n.民事侵权行为(谐:偷他)torture
n.酷刑,折磨torment
n./v.折磨,苦恼=tort
+ment
mental→折磨精神torturous
a.折磨的tortuous
a.曲折的,迂回的
-
vag
-wander
漫步,徘徊vagary
n.(思想漫游→)奇异的幻想;妄想;多变,变幻莫测vague
a.模糊的vagabond
n.流浪汉vagrant
a./n.流浪的
-
val
-strong
invalid
n.有病的人=patient
valiant
a.英勇的valor
n.英勇的convalesce
v.(esce
逐渐)康复,恢复
近义词
动词
- 走
swagger
v.昂首阔步走~(联:swan
天鹅)- 反义词:
stagger
v.蹒跚
- 反义词:
strut
v.趾高气昂的走prance
n./v.昂首阔步~(联:proud
)
- 蹒跚
totter
v.(toe
脚趾→踮着脚走)蹒跚;震惊=shock
stagger
v.蹒跚~swagger
v.昂首阔步走falter
v.(fold
打结了→不利索)蹒跚(腿不利索);结巴(脚不利索)hobble
v.蹒跚而行~hop
v.单腿跳shuffle
v.拖着脚走路flounder
v/艰难的前行;挣扎~founder
v.失败;沉船,沉没
- 重步走
plod
v.重步走;辛苦工作~plod on/along
辛苦工作trudge
v.重步走~(谐:trans
穿越很远地方要重步走)stagger
v.蹒跚stumble
v.蹒跚;踉跄~stumble upon
偶然发现=come across
bang away at
苦干toil
n./v.苦干,苦差事~(联:toilet
扫厕所是苦差事)
- 隔离
seclusion
n.(se
apart+clude
close)隐居,隔离~seclude
v.隐居,隔离quarantine
n./v.隔离,检疫期~(源:quarter
黑死病强制隔离四十天)segregate
v.(se
apart+gather
)隔离(种族)insulate
v.(in
+solo
只有一个人独自→)隔离~insular
a.狭隘的,保守的estrange
v.(e
to+strange
奇怪~使奇怪→)使孤立,陌生recluse
n.(re
back+clu
close)隐居者,遁世者,隐士hermit
n.隐士~(联:her
小龙女是隐士)
- 集合
rally
v./n.(re
again+ally
联合)集合;集会(军队;政治)muster
v.集合;召集;集结(尤指部队)~(谐:军队must
集结)muster up the courage
鼓起勇气
cluster
v.使密集,使聚集~(谐:close
封闭起来的一群)align
v.(a
to+line
)使成一线,使结盟confederate
v.(con
组成+federal
联邦)结合,结盟
- 营救
salvage
v./n.(海上/火灾的)营救;回收利用(某物)=save
succor
v.(su
sub+cur
run)救援recourse
n.求救
态度状态
- 促进
foster
v.助长,促进;培养(谐:服侍他)foster mother
养母
facilitate
v.促进;帮助;使容易~facility
n.便利设施gear up
v.促进,增加~gear
挡位nurture
v./n.鼓励,养育~nurse
护士nature or nurture?
先天还是后天?
- 阻碍
hamper
=hinder
v.阻碍~(联:behind
放在身后阻碍你)impede
v.(im
not+ped
foot~pedal
)阻碍encumber
v.阻碍=cumber
v.阻碍hold back
v.阻碍~withhold
v.扣留curb
n./v.抑制,阻碍~(谐:刻薄的人爱阻碍)inhibit
v.阻碍~exhibit
展览(拿进去不让看是阻碍,拿出来给大家看是展览)thwart
v.阻碍;挫败
- 放弃
abdicate
v.(ab
away+dict
speak)放弃权力relinquish
v.(re
back+link
~放弃联系,不再接触→)(不情愿地)放弃renounce
v.(retire
+announce
)放弃abstain from
(abs
)弃权,放弃abstain from voting
放弃投票权abstain from smoking and dring
戒烟戒酒
forego
v.(fore
before+go
~先走一步→)放弃forsake
v.(for
+sake
原因~因为某原因而)放弃forswear
v.(far
+swear
~宣誓远离)宣誓放弃abjure
v.宣誓放弃
- 防御
fend
v.抵挡,抵御fend for oneself
照料自己,独立生活=take care of
defend
v.保卫,防御
- 保证
warrant
n.正当理由;权力,授权;v.保证,担保~(联:worried
担保了就不担心了)arrest/search warrant
逮捕/搜查令
assurance
n.保证~assure
v.确信vouch
v.(for)担保,保证~(联:voice
)
- 困境
plight
n.(p
扑灭+light
=扑灭了光→)困境quandary
n.困境~(联:quarter
四面楚歌)predicament
n.窘况,困境impass
n.(im
not+pass
)僵局,死路
- 考验
ordeal
n.痛苦的考验~(联:order
命令一般是痛苦的)trial by ordeal
神断法
trial
n.磨难,考验;试验;审讯tribulation
n.(tribute
给予)磨难
- 多余
redundant
a.多余的,冗余的~abundant
a.丰富的superfluous
a.(super
多+flu
流→多得流出来了)多余的;不必要的;奢侈的plethora
n.过剩~(联:plenty
)glut
n.(g
great+lot
)大量,过剩
形容词
- 巨大的
colossal
a.巨大的stupendous
a.(stu
stand+pend
weight)巨大的,惊人的prodigious
a.惊人的,巨大的~prodigy
n.神童gargantuan
a.巨大的,庞大的~gigantic
a.巨大的
- 无价值的
paltry
a.无价值的,微不足道的trival
a.(tri
三+way
=三岔路口交流)琐事~trifle
n.琐事nugatory
a.琐碎的,无价值的~(联:negative
没用的)
- 嘈杂的
vociferous
a.(voc
voice+fer
carry带来→带来声音)嘈杂的.喧哗的boisterous
a.(boy
+st
stand→小朋友站在一起吵闹)喧闹的cacophonous
a.(caco
bad+phon
sound)嘈杂的rowdy
a.喧闹的~row
v.争吵clamorous
a.嘈杂的~clamor
v./n.叫嚣obstreperous
a.(ob
to+st
street+per
appear→临街的房子吵闹)喧闹的,喧嚣的tranquil
a.(trans
+quiet
)宁静的~tranquilizer
n,镇静剂serene
a.宁静的,静谧的~(谐:死人)
名词
- 对手
antagonist
n.(anti
+ag
act)对手opponent
n.对手,敌手~oppose
v.反对adversary
v.敌手~adverse
a.反对的
- 毒
vemonous
a.(形容蛇)有毒的~vemon
n.毒液(v
vent带来+omen
n.凶兆)toxic
a.有毒的lethal
a.致命的vindictive
a.(形容人)报复性的,恶毒的
- 群体
horde
n.(贬义)群众,大群~(联:horse
)throng
n.人群pack
n.狼群school
/shoal
n.鱼群pride
n.狮群~(联:骄傲的→狮子)herd
n.牛群;兽群~(联:herb
草药→牛吃草)flock
n.羊群;鸟群;人群~(联:fly
)swarm
/colony
n.蜂群gaggle
n.鹅群~(联:goose
n.鹅)
- 肌肉
brawny
a.肌肉发达的~brawn
n.肌肉~(谐: 棕色brown
的肌肉)sinewy
a.肌肉发达的,强壮的~sinew
n.腱子muscular
a.肌肉的,肌肉发达的;强健的
- 资产
asset
n.(常用复数)资产;(可数)有价值的东西a sense of humour is a great asset.
legacy
n.遗产~(联:legal
合法继承)real estate
房地产=house
property
n.财产;房产property market
房地产市场
- 勇敢
prowess
n.勇敢;高超的技艺~(谐:proud
有计数很自豪)valor
n.英勇,勇猛
- 帝王
imperative
a.必须的;命令的emperor
n.帝王,皇帝imperial
a.帝王的,皇家的imperial expansion
帝国主义扩张
- 迷宫
maze
n.迷宫labyrinth
n.迷宫~labyrinthine
a.复杂的
- 恶作剧
prank
n.恶作剧mischief
n.恶作剧hoax
n.恶作剧a bomb hoax
假炸弹威胁
chicanery
n.欺骗
- 思潮
zeitgeist
n.时代精神,时代思潮ethos
n.民族精神;社会思潮~ethnic
a.民族的
- 回忆
recollect
v.回忆recall
v.回忆起reminisce
v.(remind
+esce
逐渐)回忆
形近词
-
xumble
tumble
v.跌落,跌倒;暴跌;翻跟头~tumbler
n.不倒翁;平底玻璃杯stumble
v.(st
stand→站不稳)踉跄;蹒跚jumble
n.混乱~(联:jam
阻塞)humble
a.卑微的,谦虚的~(联:human
做人要学会谦卑)fumble
v.摸索~(谐:翻包)grumble
v.(gru
心情不好)抱怨=complain
crumble
v.崩溃,破碎~(联:crumb
面包屑)mumble
v.喃喃而语;嘀咕抱怨~(谐:妈妈抱怨)bumble
v.弄糟,搞坏~(谐:bomb
炸弹炸坏)
-
xash
gash
n.创伤~近:incision
n.(in
+cis
cut)伤口stash
n./v.(st
stand+cash
将现金藏好→)隐藏,藏匿mash
n./v.(mix
)捣碎,磨碎;捣成糊状的混合物quash
v.(quiet
)平息,镇压~quench
v.熄灭,解渴squash
v./n.(s
加强语气+quiet
)压扁;平定(叛乱等)
-
**hold
behold
v.看见=look
uphold
v.支持withhold
v.(with
back)扣留,抑制~hold back
扣留
-
**rawl
sprawl
n./v.(sp
发散,spread
)仰卧平躺;蔓延生长brawl
n./v.(br
分开,branch
)差价,争吵crawl
v.(cr/scr
,手上动作crab
)爬行,匍匐前进scrawl
n./v.(cr/scr
,手上动作crab
)乱写,乱涂
-
**ard
:ard
为名词后缀,消极词汇居多blizzard
n.暴雪(暴雪游戏公司)snowstorm
n.暴风雪tempest
n.暴风雨
laggard
n.落后者~(联想:leg
腿~抱大腿的人→落后者)sluggard
n.懒鬼,懒人~(联想:slow
~做事慢的人→懒人)coward
n.胆小鬼hazard
n.危险
-
indigxxx
indigenous
a.(in
not+di
away+gen
race→从未离开过群体)本土的indignant
a.(in
not+dignity
尊严→气的出离尊严)愤怒的,愤慨的indigent
a.(in
+dig
→挖地刨食→)贫穷的,贫困的
单独的词
sever
v.分开,断绝~(联:several
一个整体断开了就变成好几个)sever the connection with
与….断绝关系
strenuous
a.(str
strength)辛苦的strenuous exercise
=vigorous exercise
剧烈运动
decree
n./v.(de
to+create
)命令;决定issue the decree